Effect of COVID-19 on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia.

Despite the pandemic's negative effect on the economy, it can help reduce emissions from energy consumption activities in line with the Paris Agreement, especially for high-emitter countries such as Indonesia. However, the policy response to COVID-19 may rebound the emissions to their pre-pandemic levels. To design an efficient policy that considers both economic and environmental variables, this study uses a computable general equilibrium model that assesses how COVID-19 and its stimulus policy will affect the macroeconomic indicator, energy consumption, and emissions at the national and regional levels.

The drivers of energy-related CO emission changes in Indonesia: structural decomposition analysis.

This study aims to decompose the changes in CO emission, in 1990-1995 and 2010-2015, to identify the main drivers of those changes at the sectoral level. Using energy input and input-output table, the emission changes were decomposed into six factors: energy intensity, carbonization factor, technology, structural demand, consumption pattern effect, and scale effect. This model would allow a given country to identify the impacts of energy consumption, energy mix, and production efficiency (as direct sources of emission) while paying close attention to their linkages with both the economic structure and the accretion of final demand.

Comparing the impacts of fossil and renewable energy investments in Indonesia: A simple general equilibrium analysis.

Increasing electricity capacity to support economic growth has become a national development priority in Indonesia. The construction of a power plant needs to consider not only economic but also social and environmental impacts because the government can choose between fossil-based and renewable energy-based power plants. Thus, the decision to invest in a particular type of power plant technology must consider sustainability criteria.