On demand pancreatic stenting in chronic pancreatitis might provide good palliation of pain.

Background And Aim: Chronic pancreatitis (CP)-related pain is a considerable problem in gastroenterology practice that frequently requires several endoscopic interventions. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of pancreatic duct stenting performed on demand, instead of at defined intervals, for the management of the CP-related pain.

Methods: This study is a retrospective evaluation of thirteen years of data.

Transarterial and Transhepatic Endovascular Intervention to Alleviate Portal Hypertension Secondary to Arterioportal Fistula in a Trisomy 21 Infant.

Individuals with trisomy 21 have an 80% risk reduction of vascular anomalies compared with general population. However, an association of trisomy 21 and portal vascular and arteriovenous anomalies has been defined in the literature. The primary hemodynamic abnormality in portal hypertension is increased resistance to portal blood flow.

Is computerised tomography better than fibreoptic gastroscopy for early detection of gastric varices?

Introduction: Video endoscopic diagnosis of gastric varices is particularly limited, owing to the deep submucosal or subserosal location of the varices and the normal appearance of the overlying mucosa.

Aim: We present and emphasise the value of computerised tomography (CT) examination in the early detection of gastric varices (GVs).

Material And Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 216 consecutive patients with cirrhosis were evaluated at the Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital between September 2008 and March 2011.

The Prevalence of Barrett Esophagus Diagnosed in the Second Endoscopy: A Retrospective, Observational Study at a Tertiary Center.

At present, we do not know the exact prevalence of Barrett esophagus (BE) developing later in patients without BE in their first endoscopic screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BE on the second endoscopic examination of patients who had no BE in their first endoscopic examination.The data of the patients older than 18 years who had undergone upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy more than once at the endoscopy unit of our clinic during the last 6 years were retrospectively analyzed.

Assessment of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography grading system: A prospective study from a tertiary care center.

Background/aims: The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) grading system was proposed but has not been fully evaluated with prospective clinical studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ERCP difficulty grading system for predicting success and adverse event rates related to the procedure.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1057 ERCP procedures performed on 752 patients were included in the present study.

Prevalence of advanced histologic features in diminutive colon polyps.

Background/aims: Accurate in vivo differentiation of colon polyp histology may serve to prevent the resection of diminutive hyperplastic polyps in the distal colon or the need for histologic assesment of diminutive polyps after resection. The clinical implementation of these strategies depends on the prevalence of advanced histologic findings among diminutive polyps. We aimed to determine the prevalence of advanced histologic features (villous features, high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma) in diminutive colon polyps and compare it to small and larger polyps.

Retraction of the main papilla toward the biliary system in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background/aims: Retraction of the main papilla toward the biliary system was observed in 70% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, this observation was confounded by the fact that all of the patients with this finding had a prior history of sphincterotomy. The aim of the present study was to observe whether main papillary retraction can be seen in patients with naïve papillae and accompanies the progression of the disease.

Comparative assessment of prognostic value for revised-Mayo risk model and Child-Pugh score in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to compare the utility of the revised Mayo risk model (rMRM) and Child-Pugh scores (CPSs) for predicting the prognosis of disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Materials And Methods: Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (37 patients; alive and not requiring liver transplantation) and Group II (8 patients; deceased or requiring liver transplantation). rMRM suggests the possible survival percentage over a 4-year period.

Endoscopic treatment of patients with bile duct stricture after cholecystectomy: factors predicting recurrence in the long term.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic treatment is effective in the treatment of patients with bile duct injury after cholecystectomy. We aimed to investigate the long-term results of endoscopic treatment, factors predicting the recurrence of the stricture, and to determine the optimal endoscopic treatment.

Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort analysis and conducted at a tertiary referral center in patients with major bile duct injury (Strasberg E1-4 and E5 patients with main bile duct injury).

Is there a safer electrosurgical current for endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with liver cirrhosis?

Background: Endoscopic sphincterotomy has a higher risk of bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Advanced Child stage and coagulopathy are well-known risk factors. We aimed to determine the role of electrosurgical currents in the development of endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding in cirrhotic patients.

Is endorectal ultrasound still useful for staging rectal cancer?

Objective: Staging in rectal carcinoma is important for planning treatment. Preoperative staging and treatment strategies have changed along with improvements in imaging techniques. The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in rectal cancers, especially in low rectal cancers and stenotic cases.

The change in microorganisms reproducing in bile and blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility over the years.

Background/aims: Infection in the bile tract is a major cause of bacteremia and is related to high morbidity and mortality. We examined the changes in bacteria types and antibiotic susceptibility in bile cultures and simultaneous blood cultures taken from patients who applied for endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP)/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) for different bile duct diseases in recent years.

Materials And Methods: Bacteria types that reproduce in bile and blood cultures from patients who applied for ERCP/PTC between the years of 2007 and 2012 in our clinic were examined.

Results of endoscopic treatment for the management of stenotic end-to-side hepaticoduodenostomy.

Purpose: The outcome of endoscopic treatment for the management of surgical end-to-side hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of endoscopic management of HD.

Methods: The medical records of 17 patients with HD stenosis who were referred to the ERCP unit between August 2003 and June 2012 for endoscopic intervention were retrospectively analyzed.

Major predictors for difficult common bile duct stone.

Background/aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become the standard treatment for common bile duct stones worldwide. There are only a few reports with small number of patients concerning the factors that contribute to the technical difficulty of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in these patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate these factors in a large group of patients.

Endoscopic closure of ERCP-related duodenal perforations by using endoclips: a case series.

Duodenal wall perforations are traditionally managed surgically. There are isolated case reports or small case series reporting successful endoscopic closure of duodenal perforations. Endoscopic closure techniques include the use of endoclips, fibrin glue, and endoloops.

Major predictors for difficult common bile duct stone.

Background/aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become the standard treatment for common bile duct stones worldwide. However, there are only a few reports with small number of patients concerning the factors that contribute to the technical difficulty of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in these patients. In this study we aimed to investigate these factors in a large group of patients.

Endoscopic treatment of biliary fistulas developing after liver resections.

Bile leaks are a major cause of mortality and morbidity after liver resections. We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment of biliary fistulas developing after liver resections in 15 patients. Fistulas developed after extended right hepatectomy in 4, extended left hepatectomy in 8, and segmentectomy in 3 patients.

A simple method to improve adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy: altering patient position.

Background: Colonoscopy is currently considered to be the gold standard method for detecting and removing adenomatous polyps. However, tandem colonoscopy studies reveal a pooled polyp miss rate of 22%.

Objective: A prospective randomized trial was conducted to assess whether alteration of patient position during colonoscopy withdrawal increases the adenoma detection rate (ADR).

Safety of endoscopic ultrasonography in elderly patients: a single center prospective trial.

Background And Aims: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the safety of both diagnostic and therapeutic endosonography (EUS) in geriatric population.

Methods: The study population, consisting of 222 patients who underwent endosonographic evaluation for different indications, was divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 165 patients, ≥ 65 years old; Group II consisted of 57 controls, <65 years old.

Unusual cholangiographic findings in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis: cystic dilatation.

A 45-year-old woman with the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis admitted with the complaints of pruritus and jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed entirely narrow, irregular common bile duct and common hepatic duct and unusual cystic dilations in the common hepatic duct and left hepatic duct. Balloon dilation of the common bile duct was performed, and a 10 F double pigtail stent was inserted into the cyst.

Cholecystectomy-related aberrant bile duct injuries and their endoscopic treatment.

Both complete transection and accidental ligation of the main bile duct because of a cholecystectomy are the injuries that are not amenable to endoscopic treatment and require an additional surgery. Leaks resulting from the severance of an aberrant bile duct may be treated endoscopically, although such injuries are difficult to be identified, thus resulting in treatment delays. Presented here are the details and follow-up results of 7 cases of patients with postcholecystectomy aberrant bile duct injuries, which were treated by endoscopic treatment.

Mean platelet volume is a useful indicator of systemic inflammation in cirrhotic patients with ascitic fluid infection.

Aim: Ascitic fluid infection (AFI) consists primarily of two variants, namely, culture-negative neutrocytic ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Mean platelet volume (MPV) has begun to be used as a simple and inexpensive indicator of inflammation in some diseases. We aimed to analyse whether platelet size alterations would be useful in predicting AFI in cirrhotic patients.