Performing vigorous physical activity means a multiorgan system engagement, but the cardiovascular system plays a critical role. In order to provide enough oxygen to activate muscles during repeated physical activity of high intensity, the heart undergoes profound morphologic, functional and electrophysiological alterations, which have been identified as the "athlete's heart syndrome". "The athlete's heart" is a complex, but not precisely defined concept, anatomically and functionally and in relation to health and disease.
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