Molecular profiles of benign and (pre)malignant endometrial lesions.

Endometrial carcinomas are histologically classified as endometrioid, assumed to originate from hyperplastic endometrium, or non-endometrioid carcinomas, assumed to originate from atrophic endometrium. However, both on a histological and a molecular level there are indications that there are more carcinoma types and carcinogenetic pathways. This study aims to analyze endometrial carcinogenesis on a molecular level.

Immunohistochemical Profiles of Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinomas With and Without Metastatic Disease.

A minority of endometrial carcinomas present at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis, and should be identified to individualize treatment. Immunohistochemical markers have been studied, but most have not been directly linked to metastasis. This study analyzes the immunohistochemical profile of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) with and without metastases, and corresponding metastases.

Immunohistochemical and genetic profiles of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma arising from atrophic endometrium.

Objective: Endometrial carcinomas are divided into type I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs), thought to arise from hyperplastic endometrium, and type II nonendometrioid endometrial carcinomas, thought to arise from atrophic endometrium. However, a minority (20%) of EECs have atrophic background endometrium, which was shown to be a marker of a worse prognosis. This study compares the immunohistochemical and genetic profiles of this possible third type to that of the known two types.

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma with atrophic endometrium and poor prognosis.

Objective: Type I endometrial carcinomas are characterized by endometrioid histology, develop from hyper-plastic endometrium, and have a good prognosis. Type II, nonendometrioid carcinomas, arise in atrophic endometrium and have a poor prognosis. However, approximately 20% of cases do not fit within this dualistic model and include endometrioid carcinomas associated with recurrence and possibly with atrophy.

[Submucosal presentation of Whipple's disease: a variant that is easily missed].

Whipple's disease is a multisystem, and often chronic, disease caused by infection with the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei, and mainly occurs in middle-aged Caucasian men. In most cases, histological detection of large numbers of bacteria-laden macrophages in the mucosa of the small intestine confirms the diagnosis. Less commonly, these macrophages may be sparse and predominantly located beneath the mucosa.