Management of Speech and Hearing in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Current Conditions, Problems, Future Directions.

Management of speech and hearing issues in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been challenging, considering the population size and availability of resources. There is a need to investigate the depth of these challenges and explore the efficacy of strategies to overcome them. This review aimed to delineate the speech and hearing issues in individuals with cleft lip and palate and how they have been managed in the context of LMICs.

Palliative care needs of stroke patients at a tertiary care center in South India.

Objectives: Stroke survivors have palliative care needs in multiple domains, which are overlooked. Accurate estimation of these is pivotal in ensuring proper rehabilitation and planning interventions to improve quality of life (QoL). We aimed to assess the palliative care needs of stroke patients in various domains in a structured manner at the neurology service of a tertiary care center in South India.

Optimized self-attention based cycle-consistent generative adversarial network adopted melanoma classification from dermoscopic images.

Skin is the exposed part of the human body that constantly protected from UV rays, heat, light, dust, and other hazardous radiation. One of the most dangerous illnesses that affect people is skin cancer. A type of skin cancer called melanoma starts in the melanocytes, which regulate the colour in human skin.

Urolithin A: A promising selective estrogen receptor modulator and 27-hydroxycholesterol attenuator in breast cancer.

27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is an oxysterol that acts as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and its adverse effects on breast cancer via the estrogen receptor (ER) have provided new insights into the pathology of cholesterol-linked breast cancer. Our earlier in vitro experiments showed that the methanolic extract of pomegranate could exhibit SERM properties and compete with 27-HC. The major constituents of pomegranate are ellagitannins and ellagic acid, which are converted into urolithins by the colonic microbiota.

Development and Validation of a New Stroke Outcome Scale (Stroke Impact Assessment Questionnaire).

Background: Stroke affects the quality of life through its devastating effects on physical, psychological, social, and economic domains. Patient-reported outcome measures help to capture the patient's perspective to changes in the quality of life. The available stroke-specific outcome measures of stroke do not comprehensively measure all the domains.

Understanding the Chemical Shifts of Aqueous Electrolyte Species Adsorbed in Carbon Nanopores.

Interfaces between aqueous electrolytes and nanoporous carbons are involved in a number of technological applications such as energy storage and capacitive deionization. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy is a very useful tool to characterize ion adsorption in such systems thanks to its nuclei specificity and the ability to distinguish between ions in the bulk and in pores. We use complementary methods (density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, and a mesoscopic model) to investigate the relative importance of various effects on the chemical shifts of adsorbed species: ring currents, ion organization in pores of various sizes, specific ion-carbon interactions, and hydration.

Imaging of Tumor-Associated Vascular Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Woodchuck Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Radiolabeled short peptide ligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were developed initially for imaging and treatment of prostate cancers. While many nonprostate solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) express little PSMA, their neovasculature expresses a high level of PSMA, which is avid for Gallium-68-labeled PSMA-targeting radio-ligand (Ga-PSMA-11) for positron emission tomography (PET). However, the lack of a spontaneous animal model of tumor-associated vascular PSMA overexpression has hindered the development and assessment of PSMA-targeting radioligands for imaging and therapy of the nonprostatic cancers.

Sustainable Smart Industry: A Secure and Energy Efficient Consensus Mechanism for Artificial Intelligence Enabled Industrial Internet of Things.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been industrializing in various real-world applications, including smart industry and smart grids, to make human existence more reliable. An overwhelming volume of sensing data is produced from numerous sensor devices as the Industrial IoT (IIoT) becomes more industrialized. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a vital part in big data analyses as a powerful analytic tool that provides flexible and reliable information insights in real-time.

The Immigrant Memory Collaborative: A Community-University Partnership to Assess African Immigrant Families' Experiences with Dementia.

Research suggests a disparity in the prevalence of dementia, with Black older adults having double the risk compared to their White counterparts. African immigrants are a fast-growing segment of the U.S.

A scientific pharmacognosy on Gaucher's disease: an in silico analysis.

From ancient times, studies on herbal medicine and pharmacognosy have increased gradually worldwide, due to the increased side effects, adverse drug reactions, and charge lines of modern medicines. Plants are well known for their medicinal effects and nutritional values. They contain bioactive compounds which display a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects.

Furlow Palatoplasty for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Management: Auditing and Predicting Outcomes.

Objective: The Furlow palatoplasty is a proven procedure in the management of secondary velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with cleft palate. But the selection of cases, the degree of clinical success, and the preoperative predictors of the same are less established. This study is an effort to retrospectively look at outcomes, in a large series of velopharyngeal dysfunction cases treated with the Furlow palatoplasty alone.

Mesoscopic simulations of the NMR spectra of porous carbon based supercapacitors: electronic structure and adsorbent reorganisation effects.

In situ NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate charge storage mechanisms in carbon-based supercapacitors thanks to its ability to distinguish ionic and molecular species adsorbed in the porous electrodes from those in the bulk electrolyte. The NMR peak corresponding to the adsorbed species shows a clear change of chemical shift as the applied potential difference is varied. This variation in chemical shift is thought to originate from a combination of ion reorganisation in the pores and changes in ring current shifts due to the changes of electronic density in the carbon.

18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for Initial Staging of Renal Cell Carcinoma in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient.

A 46-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and renal cell carcinoma underwent F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging followed by F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. Unlike F-FDG, which undergoes renal clearance, F-PSMA-1007 undergoes hepatobiliary clearance and thus generates superior quality images. F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed intense tracer-avid left renal mass lesion (FDG nonavid); lytic bone lesions (FDG avid) and single liver lesion (FDG nonavid).

68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Focal Pulmonary Activity With No Corresponding CT Abnormality.

We describe a case of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT scan with focal tracer concentration in the lung without any abnormalities in the CT part. 18F-FDG focal uptake in lungs without corresponding CT lesions is described. Two possible mechanisms proposed to explain this finding in FDG PET/CT scans are iatrogenic pulmonary microembolism and 18F-FDG-avid infection or inflammation that precedes structural findings.

18F-PSMA 1007 Uptake in a Man With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

A 72-year-old man, who is known with a case of metastatic carcinoma of the breast, was referred for F-PMSA 1007 PET/CT with clinical suspicion of synchronous prostate cancer. F-PSMA 1007 PET/CT scan detected no abnormal tracer concentrating lesion in the prostate gland; however, abnormal tracer concentration was noted in soft tissue lesions in left breast, metastatic lymph nodes, and skeletal lesions. Compared with F-FDG PET/CT, more bone lesions were detected on F-PSMA 1007 imaging.

18F-PSMA 1007 in Suspected Renal Cell Carcinoma.

A 60-year-old man with suspected right renal cell carcinoma underwent F-FDG PET/CT and F prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT scan. Compared with the F-FDG PET/CT scan, F-PSMA 1007 PET/CT showed intense tracer concentration in the primary tumor in the right kidney and intense tracer concentration consistently in all lung nodules. Unlike noted in previous pilot studies with Ga-PSMA, we observed that the primary renal tumor also showed intense tracer avidity with F-PSMA 1007.

18F-PSMA 1007 Uptake in Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer.

A 64-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer on follow-up had suspicious recurrent brain metastases. She underwent F-FDG PET/CT, F-PSMA 1007 brain PET/CT, and brain MRI. F-PSMA 1007 showed intense tracer localization in the suspected recurrent brain metastasis in right parietal lobe and also picked up 2 more metastatic brain lesions, which had concurrent findings of metastasis in subsequent MRI.

18F-PSMA 1007 Brain PET/CT Imaging in Glioma Recurrence.

A 64-year-old man with a known case of right parietal lobe glioblastoma multiforme operated on in August 2018 was referred for F-FDG PET/CT with a clinical suspicion of recurrence. He underwent F-FDG and F-PSMA 1007 scans. Both the scans showed intense tracer uptake in right parietal lobe lesion, which concurred with MRI findings of recurrent disease and was later proven on histopathologic examination as recurrence.

Potassium restriction boosts vacuolar acidity and extends lifespan in yeast.

Lysosome function is compromised during aging and in many disease states. Interventions that promote lysosomal activity and acidification are thus of prime interest as treatments for longevity and health. Intracellular pH can be controlled by the exchange of protons for inorganic ions, and in cells from microbes to man, when potassium is restricted in the growth medium, the cytoplasm becomes acidified.

Gallium 68-PSMA PET/CT for lesion characterization in suspected cases of prostate carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of gallium 68 (Ga)-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/computed tomography (CT) to identify patients who truly harbor clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) in a cohort of patients with clinical and biochemical/radiological suspicion of PCa.

Patients And Methods: A total of 118 patients with suspected PCa who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT between May 2015 and June 2016 were prospectively included. Final decision on performing biopsy was left to the referring urologist after considering the clinical data, scan findings and discussion with the patient.

Utility of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Imaging of Glioma-A Pilot Study.

Background: Imaging of gliomas remains challenging. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of using Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for imaging gliomas.

Methods: Fifteen patients with glioma from 2 centers were included in the study.