Imaging of intramedullary tumours of the spinal cord.

Intramedullary tumours (IMTs) are the least common neoplasms of the spinal canal. The majority of them are ependymomas and astrocytomas, the third commonest is haemangioblastoma, while other tumours of the spinal cord are relatively rare. This review presents on update on the imaging of spinal cord tumours.

The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Susceptibility and Prognosis.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The identification of molecular alterations adding to the individual risk of HNSCC development and progression is one of the most important challenges in studies on cancer genetics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which belong to the group of important post-transcriptional regulators of human gene expression, seem to be valuable options for consideration as key modifiers of individual cancer risk, and therefore may be helpful in predicting inter-individual differences in cancer risk, response to treatment and prognosis.

Co-Targeting of DTYMK and PARP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach in Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, with no standardized treatment for advanced disease. Based on preliminary bioinformatical analyses DTYMK and PARP1 were selected as potential therapeutic targets. High levels of both proteins were detected in uveal melanoma cells and correlated with increased tumor growth and poor prognosis.

Alterations in the expression of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes in breast cancer tissues considering germline BRCA1/2 mutation status.

Introduction: Homologous recombination (HR) is a crucial DNA-repair mechanism, and its disruption can lead to the accumulation of mutations that initiate and promote cancer formation. The key HR genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are particularly significant as their germline pathogenic variants are associated with a hereditary predisposition to breast and/or ovarian cancer.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed on 45 FFPE breast cancer tissues obtained from 24 and 21 patients, with and without the germline BRCA1/2 mutation, respectively.

The analysis of transcriptomic signature of TNBC-searching for the potential RNA-based predictive biomarkers to determine the chemotherapy sensitivity.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the foundation treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and frequently results in pathological complete response (pCR). However, there are large differences in clinical response and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TNBC patients. The aim was to identify genes whose expression significantly associates with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC.

The growing role of telemedicine - possibilities and regulations concerning teleradiology in Poland.

In recent years, imaging studies have become increasingly used at various stages in the management of patients with various conditions and disorders. This process results in a necessity to provide an increasing number of exams, which involves a growing role of radiologists in assessing and reporting those exams. The article discusses tele-radiology as a method that can improve access to radiology services, presenting its potential benefits, as well as the risks involved.

Safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of a CT-guided transthoracic lung and pleural biopsy - a single-centre experience with own low-dose protocol.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of a low-dose, computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic biopsy of lung and pleural lesions.

Material And Methods: A total of 135 low-dose, CT-guided transthoracic lung and pleural lesions biopsies were performed. A cutting needle was utilized in 124 cases, and fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 14 cases.

Degenerative disease of the spine: How to relate clinical symptoms to radiological findings.

Degenerative disease of the spine (DDS) is one of the most common pathological conditions in humans. The clinical presentation of DDS is highly variable, ranging from mild pain to severe neurological symptoms. When more severe clinical symptoms are present, it is necessary to use imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm the diagnosis and establish the extent of the disease in order to determine proper treatment.

Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the size of the corpus callosum in members of Mensa International, which is the world's largest and oldest high-intelligence quotient (IQ) society.

Methods: We performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Repetition Time, TR = 3200 ms, Time of Echo, TE = 409 ms) to examine the brain of members of Mensa International (Polish national group) in order to assess the size of the corpus callosum. Results from 113 male MENSA members and 96 controls in the age range of 21-40 years were analyzed.

Genetic data protection as an indispensable element of genomic medicine development.

The immense progress in molecular biology observed in the last decades has led to a fundamental change in our understanding of the etiology of human diseases. Whole genome analyses, both DNA sequencing and microarray comparative genomic hybridization, allowed for identification of previously unknown diseases and syndromes. Therefore, in difficult‑to‑diagnose cases, clinical diagnosis is being replaced by molecular diagnosis (molecular dysmorphology, genomic medicine).

Comparison of dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced MR and FDG-PET brain studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI) and PET with [18F]flurodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI).

Methods: Twenty-seven age-and sex-matched patients with AD, 39 with aMCI and 16 controls underwent brain DSC-MRI followed by FDG-PET. Values of relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) and rCBV z-scores from frontal, temporal, parietal and PCG cortices were correlated with the rate of glucose metabolism from PET.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization to Microarrays in Fetuses with High-Risk Prenatal Indications: Polish Experience with 7400 Pregnancies.

The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the comparative genomic hybridization to microarray (aCGH) technique for prenatal diagnosis, but also to assess the frequency of chromosomal aberrations that may lead to fetal malformations but are not included in the diagnostic report. We present the results of the aCGH in a cohort of 7400 prenatal cases, indicated for invasive testing due to ultrasound abnormalities, high-risk for serum screening, thickened nuchal translucency, family history of genetic abnormalities or congenital abnormalities, and advanced maternal age (AMA). The overall chromosomal aberration detection rate was 27.

The value of different diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance techniques in the diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma. Is there still an indication for echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging?

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the value of 2 different diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques (echo-planar imaging [EPI] and on-echo-planar imaging [non-EPI]) in the diagnosis of cholesteatoma.

Material And Methods: Our material consisted of 32 subjects suspected of cholesteatoma, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone using both EPI and non-EPI DWI. Two independent readers retrospectively analysed magnetic resonance images.

The Regulation of Collagen Processing by miRNAs in Disease and Possible Implications for Bone Turnover.

This article describes several recent examples of miRNA governing the regulation of the gene expression involved in bone matrix construction. We present the impact of miRNA on the subsequent steps in the formation of collagen type I. Collagen type I is a main factor of mechanical bone stiffness because it constitutes 90-95% of the organic components of the bone.

Physical Activity and DNA Methylation in Humans.

Physical activity is a strong stimulus influencing the overall physiology of the human body. Exercises lead to biochemical changes in various tissues and exert an impact on gene expression. Exercise-induced changes in gene expression may be mediated by epigenetic modifications, which rearrange the chromatin structure and therefore modulate its accessibility for transcription factors.

Acute cerebral venous thrombosis - still an underdiagnosed pathology in emergency computed tomography of the brain.

Purpose: Acute cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition that can lead to a serious clinical state; thus, prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. Head computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the initial prompt diagnosis in the emergency setting. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse emergency head CT studies and the rate of incorrect diagnoses and main sources of pitfalls.

Perinatalna opieka paliatywna realizowana w oddziale położniczym i neonatologicznym we współpracy z hospicjum dla dzieci - doświadczenia własne.

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Experimental Determination of Coefficients for the Renner Model of the Thermodynamic Equation of State of the Poly(butylene succinate) and Wheat Bran Biocomposites.

This paper presents the assumptions of a thermodynamic equation of state for polymers according to the Renner model. The experiments involved extruding a biocomposite based on poly(butylene succinate) that was filled with ground wheat bran with its size not exceeding 200 μm. The biocomposite was produced in pellet form with three different contents by weight of wheat bran, i.

Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Ageing Female Brain-Differences Between Young and Elderly Female Adults on Multislice Short TR rs-fMRI.

Age-related brain changes are one of the most important world health problems due to the rising lifespan and size of the elderly populations. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of ageing in women on coordinated brain activity between eight resting-state networks. The study group comprised 60 healthy female volunteers who were divided into two age groups: younger women (aged 20-30 = 30) and older women (aged 55-80 = 30).

Novel Volumetric and Surface-Based Magnetic Resonance Indices of the Aging Brain - Does Male and Female Brain Age in the Same Way?

Novel post-processing methods allow not only for assessment of brain volumetry or cortical thickness based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but also for more detailed analysis of cortical shape and complexity using parameters such as sulcal depth, gyrification index, or fractal dimension. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in brain volumetry and other cortical indices during aging in men and women. Material consisted of 697 healthy volunteers (aged 38-80 years; M/F, 264/443) who underwent brain MRI using a 1.