Radiological follow-up of osteonecrosis lesions in children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a common complication of glucocorticoid-based Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment, but the natural evolution and prognosis of ON lesions remain poorly understood. We describe the radiological evolution of ON lesions identified in a Nordic population-based cohort of paediatric HL patients. Magnetic resonance images of suspected ON lesions were centrally reviewed to confirm ON diagnosis and grade the ON lesions according to the Niinimäki classification.

Heart disease among Greenlandic children and young adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The incidences of heart disease (HD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) among Inuit in Greenland (GL) and Denmark (DK) are unknown. This study aims to estimate incidence rates (IRs) of HD and CHD among the young Inuit populations in Greenland and Denmark compared with rates among young non-Inuit populations in the same countries.

Methods: A register-based nationwide cohort including all individuals living in Greenland and Denmark from birth to age <40 years through 1989-2014 was formed.

Study of correlation between the NAT2 phenotype and genotype status among Greenlandic Inuit.

-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is the main enzyme metabolizing isoniazid and genotype-based treatment has been studied for years without becoming common practice. To investigate whether genotype-based isoniazid treatment is feasible in Greenland, we sequenced the coding sequence of and determined the NAT2 enzyme-activity by caffeine test. No additional genetic variants were identified in the coding sequence of , so that genotype status in 260 study participants could be assessed by a well-established 7-SNP panel.

Determinants of tuberculosis trends in six Indigenous populations of the USA, Canada, and Greenland from 1960 to 2014: a population-based study.

Background: Tuberculosis continues to disproportionately affect many Indigenous populations in the USA, Canada, and Greenland. We aimed to investigate whether population-based tuberculosis-specific interventions or changes in general health and socioeconomic indicators, or a combination of these factors, were associated with changes in tuberculosis incidence in these Indigenous populations.

Methods: For this population-based study we examined annual tuberculosis notification rates between 1960 and 2014 in six Indigenous populations of the USA, Canada, and Greenland (Inuit [Greenland], American Indian and Alaska Native [Alaska, USA], First Nations [Alberta, Canada], Cree of Eeyou Istchee [Quebec, Canada], Inuit of Nunavik [Quebec, Canada], and Inuit of Nunavut [Canada]), as well as the general population of Canada.

Missense Mutation Associated With Fatty Acid Metabolism and Reduced Height in Greenlanders.

Background: Inuit have lived for thousands of years in an extremely cold environment on a diet dominated by marine-derived fat. To investigate how this selective pressure has affected the genetic regulation of fatty acid metabolism, we assessed 233 serum metabolic phenotypes in a population-based sample of 1570 Greenlanders.

Methods And Results: Using array-based and targeted genotyping, we found that rs80356779, a p.

The dynamics of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during different stages of natural infection: A longitudinal study among Greenlanders.

Objective: Understanding human immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during different stages of infection is important for development of an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. We aimed to evaluate immunity to Mtb infection by measuring immune responses to selected Mtb antigens expressed during different stages of infection over time and to observe sustainability of immunity.

Methods: In a cohort study comprising East Greenlanders aged 17-22 years (2012 to 2014) who had either; undetectable Mtb infection, ongoing or prior Mtb infection at enrolment, we measured immunity to 15 antigens over a one-year period.

Introducing the ESAT-6 free IGRA, a companion diagnostic for TB vaccines based on ESAT-6.

There is a need for an improved vaccine for tuberculosis. ESAT-6 is a cardinal vaccine antigen with unique properties and is included in several vaccine candidates in development. ESAT-6 is also the core antigen in the IFN-γ release assays (IGRA) used to diagnose latent infection, rendering IGRA tests unspecific after vaccination.

Host immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and risk of tuberculosis: A longitudinal study among Greenlanders.

Background: Human immune responses to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) may enable individuals to control Mtb infection and halt progression to tuberculosis (TB), a hypothesis applied in several novel TB vaccines. We aimed to evaluate whether immune responses to selected LTBI antigens were associated with subsequent reduced risk of progression to TB.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in East Greenland (2012-2014) including individuals aged 5-31years.

Erythema nodosum and the risk of tuberculosis in a high incidence setting.

Objective: This study estimates the erythema nodosum (EN) incidence in a tuberculosis (TB) endemic setting and evaluates the likelihood of a subsequent TB diagnosis among individuals with infection (MTI) with or without EN.

Design: We estimated EN incidence rates (IRs) in East Greenland in 2010-2011 and conducted a cohort study following all individuals who tested positive for MTI from 1 January 2010 until 31 December 2012. A personal identifier allowed individual follow-up in the mandatory TB register.

Determination of NAT2 acetylation status in the Greenlandic population.

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a well-studied phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme relevant in drug metabolism and cancerogenesis. NAT2 activity is largely determined by genetic polymorphisms in the coding region of the corresponding gene. We investigated NAT2 acetylation status in 1556 individuals from Greenland based on four different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels and the tagging SNP rs1495741.