Comparison of re-revision rate and radiological outcomes between Kerboull-type plate and metal mesh with impaction bone grafting for revision total hip arthroplasty.

Background: This study compared the re-revision rate and radiographic outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device (KT plate) with bulk structural allograft and metal mesh with impaction bone grafting (IBG).

Methods: Ninety-one hips of 81 patients underwent revision THA for American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification type III defects from 2008 to 2018. Of these, seven hips of five patients and 15 hips of 13 patients were excluded due to insufficient follow-up information (< 24 months) and large bone defects with a vertical defect height ≥ 60 mm, respectively.

Segmentation of Femoral Cartilage from Knee Ultrasound Images Using Mask R-CNN.

Segmentation of knee cartilage from Ultrasound (US) images is essential for various clinical tasks in diagnosis and treatment planning of Osteoarthritis. Moreover, the potential use of US imaging for guidance in robotic knee arthroscopy is presently being investigated. The femoral cartilage being the main organ at risk during the operation, it is paramount to be able to segment this structure, to make US guidance feasible.

Deep Learning for US Image Quality Assessment Based on Femoral Cartilage Boundary Detection in Autonomous Knee Arthroscopy.

Knee arthroscopy is a complex minimally invasive surgery that can cause unintended injuries to femoral cartilage or postoperative complications, or both. Autonomous robotic systems using real-time volumetric ultrasound (US) imaging guidance hold potential for reducing significantly these issues and for improving patient outcomes. To enable the robotic system to navigate autonomously in the knee joint, the imaging system should provide the robot with a real-time comprehensive map of the surgical site.

Siam-U-Net: encoder-decoder siamese network for knee cartilage tracking in ultrasound images.

The tracking of the knee femoral condyle cartilage during ultrasound-guided minimally invasive procedures is important to avoid damaging this structure during such interventions. In this study, we propose a new deep learning method to track, accurately and efficiently, the femoral condyle cartilage in ultrasound sequences, which were acquired under several clinical conditions, mimicking realistic surgical setups. Our solution, that we name Siam-U-Net, requires minimal user initialization and combines a deep learning segmentation method with a siamese framework for tracking the cartilage in temporal and spatio-temporal sequences of 2D ultrasound images.

Deep Learning-Based Femoral Cartilage Automatic Segmentation in Ultrasound Imaging for Guidance in Robotic Knee Arthroscopy.

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery used in the treatment of intra-articular knee pathology which may cause unintended damage to femoral cartilage. An ultrasound (US)-guided autonomous robotic platform for knee arthroscopy can be envisioned to minimise these risks and possibly to improve surgical outcomes. The first necessary tool for reliable guidance during robotic surgeries was an automatic segmentation algorithm to outline the regions at risk.

Ultrasound guidance in minimally invasive robotic procedures.

In the past decade, medical robotics has gained significant traction within the surgical field. While the introduction of fully autonomous robotic systems for surgical procedures still remains a challenge, robotic assisted interventions have become increasingly more interesting for the scientific and clinical community. This happens especially when difficulties associated with complex surgical manoeuvres under reduced field of view are involved, as encountered in minimally invasive surgeries.

Coordinated existence of multiple gangliosides is required for cartilage metabolism.

Objective: Gangliosides, ubiquitously existing membrane components that modulate transmembrane signaling and mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, are key molecules of inflammatory and neurological disorders. However, the functions of gangliosides in the cartilage degradation process remain unclear. We investigated the functional role of gangliosides in cartilage metabolism related to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis.

Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular Cartilage Repair in Mice.

Elucidation of the healing mechanisms in damaged tissues is a critical step for establishing breakthroughs in tissue engineering. Articular cartilage is clinically one of the most successful tissues to be repaired with regenerative medicine because of its homogeneous extracellular matrix and few cell types. However, we only poorly understand cartilage repair mechanisms, and hence, regenerated cartilage remains inferior to the native tissues.

An Articular Cartilage Repair Model in Common C57Bl/6 Mice.

To analyze the genetic and biomolecular mechanisms underlying cartilage repair, an optimized mouse model of osteochondral repair is required. Although several models of articular cartilage injury in mice have recently been established, the articular surface in adult C57Bl/6 mice heals poorly. Since C57Bl/6 mice are the most popular strain of genetically manipulated mice, an articular cartilage repair model using C57Bl/6 mice would be helpful for analysis of the mechanisms of cartilage repair.

Depletion of gangliosides enhances cartilage degradation in mice.

Objective: Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that play a functional role in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. We investigated the potential role of gangliosides, one of the major components of GSLs, in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis.

Design: Both age-associated and instability-induced OA models were generated using GM3 synthase knockout (GM3S(-/-)) mice.

Chondroprotective effects of high-molecular-weight cross-linked hyaluronic acid in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis model.

Objectives: We hypothesized that high-molecular-weight (MW) cross-linked (CL) hyaluronic acid (HA) improves joint lubrication and has an enhanced chondroprotective effect. We examined the histopathological changes and friction coefficients in osteoarthritic knee joints after injecting high-MW CL HA.

Design: A bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model in 20 Japanese white rabbits was used.

Chronic exercise accelerates the degeneration-regeneration cycle and downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 in muscle of mdx mice.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chronic running exercise on degenerative-regenerative processes in the hindlimb muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. The number of large-sized degenerative-regenerative groups (DRGs) was markedly decreased, whereas that of small-sized DRGs was unchanged by exercise. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1), as well as a myogenic factor MyoD (Myod1), was downregulated in mdx muscles by exercise.