Using an Image Fusion Methodology to Improve Efficiency and Traceability of Posterior Pole Vessel Analysis by ROPtool.

Background: The diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) largely determines the need for treatment; however, this diagnosis is subjective. To make the diagnosis of plus disease more objective, semi-automated computer programs ( ROPtool) have been created to quantify vascular dilation and tortuosity. ROPtool can accurately analyze blood vessels only in images with very good quality, but many still images captured by indirect ophthalmoscopy have insufficient image quality for ROPtool analysis.

Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy Using a Portable, Noncontact, Nonmydriatic Handheld Retinal Camera.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of low vision and blindness. We evaluated the feasibility of using a handheld, noncontact digital retinal camera, Pictor, to obtain retinal images in dilated and undilated eyes for DR screening. We also evaluated the accuracy of ophthalmologists with different levels of training/experience in grading these images to identify eyes with vision-threatening DR.

Evaluation of the accuracy of grading indirect ophthalmoscopy video images for retinopathy of prematurity screening.

Purpose: To determine whether digital retinal images obtained using a video indirect ophthalmoscopy system can be accurately graded for zone, stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and plus or pre-plus disease, and used to screen for type 1 ROP.

Methods: Charts of 114 infants who had retinal video images acquired using the video indirect ophthalmoscopy system during routine ROP examinations were retrospectively reviewed. Two masked ophthalmologists (1 expert and 1 non-expert in ROP screening) graded the video images for image quality, zone, stage of ROP, and pre-plus or plus disease.

Retinal imaging in premature infants using the Pictor noncontact digital camera.

Purpose: To evaluate, first, the feasibility of using Pictor, a new portable, noncontact digital fundus camera, to obtain high-quality retinal images of prematurely born infants and, second, the accuracy of grading these images for clinically significant posterior pole vascular changes, that is, pre-plus or plus disease, compared to indirect ophthalmoscopy.

Methods: Pictor retinal images were obtained on a convenience sample of prematurely born infants during routine examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Images were reviewed and graded by two ROP experts, who were masked to demographic and clinical examination findings.

Evaluation of an indirect ophthalmoscopy digital photographic system as a retinopathy of prematurity screening tool.

Purpose: To determine whether digital retinal images obtained from an indirect ophthalmoscopy imaging system (Keeler) can be accurately graded for clinically significant retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by masked experts.

Methods: The medical records of infants screened for ROP who had posterior pole images acquired using the Keeler system during routine ROP examinations were retrospectively reviewed. Two reviewers, masked to patient demographics and clinical examination findings, graded the images for: (1) quality (good, fair, poor); (2) number of gradable quadrants, from 0 to 4; and (3) posterior pole disease (none, pre-plus, plus).

Acquired bilateral myelinated retinal nerve fibers after unilateral optic nerve sheath fenestration in a child with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To report the unusual development of bilateral myelinated retinal nerve fibers (MRNF) adjacent to the optic nerve in a child after treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with unilateral optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) and to discuss the etiology of acquired MRNF.

Methods: The patient's clinical history, including visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, fundus examination, and optic nerve photographs, was retrospectively reviewed. A literature review was performed for acquired MRNF in children using PubMed.

Longitudinal reproducibility of optical coherence tomography measurements in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal reproducibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in normal and glaucomatous eyes of children.

Methods: In this 2-setting prospective study, OCT-3 was used to obtain fast retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness scans. In the first study setting, the normal eyes of healthy children were scanned on presentation, at 2 weeks, and 3 years, with axial length measured at the first and last examinations.

Icare ONE rebound versus Goldmann applanation tonometry in children with known or suspected glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare Icare ONE tonometry by clinic examiner and parent/guardian to Goldmann applanation in children with known/suspected glaucoma; to evaluate the trend in intraocular pressure (IOP) with 4 repeated measurements using Icare ONE; and to evaluate the feasibility of instructing parents on the use of the Icare ONE device in the clinic setting.

Design: Nonrandomized, prospective clinical study.

Methods: Patients with known or suspected glaucoma were recruited from the Duke pediatric glaucoma clinic.

Assessment of risk factors for infantile cataracts using a case-control study: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 2000-2004.

Objective: To identify risk factors for infantile cataracts of unknown etiology.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: Case infants (n = 152) and control infants (n = 4205) enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study for birth years 2000-2004.

Carcinosarcoma of the orbit: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Objective: To report the clinicopathologic features of 2 patients with carcinosarcoma of the orbit.

Design: Case reports.

Participants: Two patients with orbital carcinosarcoma were identified.