Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease.

Conventional MRI is currently the preferred imaging technique for detection and evaluation of malignant spinal lesions. However, this technique is limited in its ability to assess tumor viability. Unlike conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides insight into the physiologic and hemodynamic characteristics of malignant spinal tumors and has been utilized in different types of spinal diseases.

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MR Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Marrow-Replacing Disorders of the Spine: A Comprehensive Review.

Significant advancements in cancer treatment have led to improved survival rates for patients, particularly in the context of spinal metastases. However, early detection and monitoring of treatment response remain crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Although conventional imaging methods such as bone scan, PET, MR imaging, and computed tomography are commonly used for diagnosing and monitoring treatment, they present challenges in differential diagnoses and treatment response monitoring.

T1-Weighted, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion Imaging Can Differentiate between Treatment Success and Failure in Spine Metastases Undergoing Radiation Therapy.

Background And Purpose: Current imaging techniques have difficulty differentiating treatment success and failure in spinal metastases undergoing radiation therapy. This study investigated the correlation between changes in dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging perfusion parameters and clinical outcomes following radiation therapy for spinal metastases. We hypothesized that perfusion parameters will outperform traditional size measurements in discriminating treatment success and failure.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion: Role in Diagnosis and Treatment Follow-Up in Patients with Vertebral Body Tumors.

Recent therapeutic advances have led to increased survival times for patients with metastatic disease. Key to survival is early diagnosis and subsequent treatment as well as early detection of treatment failure allowing for therapy modifications. Conventional MR imaging techniques of the spine can be at times suboptimal for identifying viable tumor, as structural changes and imaging characteristics may not differ pretreatment and posttreatment.

Semisupervised Training of a Brain MRI Tumor Detection Model Using Mined Annotations.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications for cancer imaging conceptually begin with automated tumor detection, which can provide the foundation for downstream AI tasks. However, supervised training requires many image annotations, and performing dedicated post hoc image labeling is burdensome and costly. Purpose To investigate whether clinically generated image annotations can be data mined from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), automatically curated, and used for semisupervised training of a brain MRI tumor detection model.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in gliomas: clinical diagnosis and radiotherapy planning.

The reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique for investigating brain metabolism to establish cancer diagnosis and gene mutation diagnosis as well as facilitate pre-operative planning and treatment response monitoring. By allowing tissue metabolism to be quantified, MRSI provides added value to conventional MRI.

T1-weighted Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI to Differentiate Nonneoplastic and Malignant Vertebral Body Lesions in the Spine.

Background Dynamic contrast agent-enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI may help differentiate between nonneoplastic and malignant lesions in the spine. Purpose To investigate the correlation between fractional plasma volume (), a parameter derived from DCE perfusion MRI, and histopathologic diagnosis for spinal lesions. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients who underwent DCE perfusion MRI and lesion biopsy between May 2015 and May 2018 were included.

Radiographic and clinical outcomes using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas.

Objective: The utility and safety of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) for resection of pituitary adenomas is not clearly established in the context of advances in endoscopic approaches. The goal in this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of iMRI for pituitary adenoma resection, with endoscopic transsphenoidal (ETS) versus microscopic transsphenoidal (MTS) approaches.

Methods: Radiographic and clinical outcomes of all pituitary adenomas resected using iMRI between 2008 and 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated.

Perioperative management of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

The contemporary embrace of endoscopic technology in the approach to the anterior skull base has altered the perioperative landscape for patients requiring pituitary surgery. Utility of a multi-disciplinary unit in management decisions facilitates the delivery of optimal care. Evolution of technology and surgical expertise in pituitary surgery mandates ongoing review of all components of the care central to these patients.

A Potential Role For Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Diagnosis of Trilateral Retinoblastoma.

We attempted to investigate the potential role for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to diagnose trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) by retrospectively reviewing brain magnetic resonance images of retinoblastoma patients. Observations: The median ADC measured 620.95 for TRb (n=6) and 1238.

Genetic variants and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors.

Background: Patients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) often experience cognitive dysfunction. We reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOE, COMT, and BDNF genes may influence cognition in brain tumor patients. In this study, we assessed whether genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), inflammation, cholesterol transport, dopamine and myelin regulation, and DNA repair may influence cognitive outcome in this population.

Change in the cross-sectional area of the thecal sac following balloon kyphoplasty for pathological vertebral compression fractures prior to spine stereotactic radiosurgery.

OBJECTIVEPercutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are often performed in cancer patients to relieve mechanical axial-load pain due to pathological collapse deformities. The collapsed vertebrae in these patients can be associated with varying degrees of spinal canal compromise that can be worsened by kyphoplasty. In this study the authors evaluated changes to the spinal canal, in particular the cross-sectional area of the thecal sac, following balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Probabilistic Diffusion Tensor Imaging Demonstrate That the Greatest Functional and Structural Connectivity in the Hand Motor Homunculus Occurs in the Area of the Thumb.

The primary hand motor region is classically believed to be in the "hand knob" area in the precentral gyrus (PCG). However, hand motor task-based activation is often localized outside this area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural and functional connectivity driven by different seed locations corresponding to the little, index, and thumb in the PCG using probabilistic diffusion tractography (PDT) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI).

Radiographic patterns of recurrence and pathologic correlation in malignant gliomas treated with bevacizumab.

Unlabelled: Interpretation of MRI abnormalities in patients with malignant gliomas (MG) treated with bevacizumab is challenging. Recent reports describe quantitative analyses of diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities not available in standard clinical settings, to differentiate tumor recurrence from treatment necrosis. We retrospectively reviewed bevacizumab treated MG patients who underwent surgery or autopsy to correlate radiographic recurrence patterns with pathologic findings.

Intracranial metastasis in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare liver malignancy in adolescents and young adults. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for primary and metastatic disease. Most patients relapse, with development of both local and distant metastases.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Shows Corpus Callosum Differences between High-Grade Gliomas and Metastases.

Background And Purpose: The corpus callosum (CC) has an important role in regulating interhemispheric transfer and is thought to be instrumental in contralateral brain reorganization in patients with brain tumors, as suggested by a previous study reporting callosal differences between language dominance groups through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characteristics. The purpose of this study was to explore the structural differences in the CC between high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and metastatic tumors (METs) using the DTI characteristics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD).

Methods: HGG (n = 30) and MET (n = 20) subjects with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans including DTI were retrospectively studied.

Corticosteroid therapy and severity of vasogenic edema in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a variable cerebrovascular syndrome associated with hypertension and autoregulatory failure. Steroids have been reported to both precipitate and treat PRES. We sought to determine the prevalence of steroid therapy at the time of PRES and to assess the relationship between steroid therapy and extent of vasogenic edema.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the spine: imaging and pathological features.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis are extremely rare calcified lesions that can occur anywhere in the central nervous system. These non-neoplastic lesions have been reported to arise both in the brain and spine with similar frequency and can be found intra-axially as well as extra-axially. The associated symptoms are generally due to mass effect rather than local invasion as calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis are usually considered to be benign non-infiltrative lesions.

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Use of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI to Predict Local Recurrence After Radiosurgery on Spinal Metastases.

Purpose: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging offers noninvasive characterization of the vascular microenvironment and hemodynamics. Stereotactic radiosurgery, or stereotactic body radiation therapy, engages a vascular component of the tumor response which may be detectable using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this study is to examine whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used to predict local tumor recurrence in patients with spinal bone metastases who undergo high-dose radiotherapy with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Imaging characteristics associated with clinical outcomes in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Purpose: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of cerebrovascular autoregulation that can result in brain edema, hemorrhage, and infarction. We sought to investigate whether certain imaging characteristics in PRES are associated with clinically significant patient outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of PRES occurring between 2008 and 2014 at two major academic medical centers.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of osseous spine metastasis before and 1 hour after high-dose image-guided radiation therapy.

OBJECTIVE High-dose image-guided radiation therapy (HD IGRT) has been instrumental in mitigating some limitations of conventional RT. The recent emergence of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to investigate tumor physiology can be used to verify the response of human tumors to HD IGRT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the near-immediate effects of HD IGRT on spine metastases through the use of DCE MRI perfusion studies.

An Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis-Like Illness in the Elderly: Neuroimaging and Neuropathology Findings.

Introduction: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that classically occurs in children and adolescents. It characteristically presents with acute inflammation, resulting in demyelination, often following an infectious disease. ADEM has been described in adult patients, but the incidence in the adult and especially elderly population is low.

Comparison of compressed sensing diffusion spectrum imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with intracranial masses.

Purpose: To compare compressed diffusion spectrum imaging (CS-DSI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with intracranial masses. We hypothesized that CS-DSI would provide superior visualization of the motor and language tracts.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 25 consecutive patients with intracranial masses who underwent DTI and CS-DSI for preoperative planning.