Sales of Veterinary Antibiotics in Serbia: Identification of Problem Areas Using Standardized Metrics.

One Health, as a multi-disciplinary approach, considers animal, human, and environmental health. Serbia continuously records high rates of antimicrobial resistance, with a knowledge gap on practices regarding veterinary antibiotic use, as no standardized data regarding veterinary consumption of antibiotics that would allow for temporal or spatial comparison are available in Serbia. This study aimed to describe the sales of veterinary antibiotics in Serbia.

The LUSBI Protocol (Lung Ultrasound/BREST Score/Inferior Vena Cava)-Its Role in a Differential Diagnostic Approach to Dyspnea of Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic Origin.

: PoCUS ultrasound applications are widely used in everyday work, especially in the field of emergency medicine. The main goal of this research was to create a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol that will integrate ultrasound examination of the lungs, ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (assessment of central venous pressure) and BREST scores (risk stratification for heart failure), with the aim of establishing a more effective differential diagnostic approach for dyspneic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency medicine department with the educational center of the community health center of Banja Luka.

Bres. and Boud. as Potential Therapeutic Agents: A Comparative Study on Antiproliferative and Lipid-Lowering Properties.

Medicinal mushrooms, especially species, hold immense promise for the production of a wide range of bioactive compounds with various effects. The biochemical potential of indigenous fungal strains, specific to a region, could play a critical role in the continuous search for novel strains with superior activities on a global scale. This research focused on the ethanolic (EtOH) and hot-water (HO) extracts of fruiting bodies of two wild-growing species: and with the aim of assessing their nutritional (total carbohydrate content-TCC) and mineral composition in relation to bioactive properties: antioxidant, antiproliferative and lipid-lowering.

The Potential of Hemp Extracts to Modify the Course of Oxidative-Stress Related Conditions.

The leaves of industrial hemp, which have long been considered as a waste product, have been proven to contain numerous compounds that possess potential biological activity. One of the most interesting groups of compounds present are polyphenolic compounds, which, due to their specific structure, have a pronounced antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. This study aimed to detect biological activity, including antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential, of water and water-alcoholic extracts of five commercially available hemp teas, followed by phytochemical profiling.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Molecular Descriptors for Improving Permeation through the Blood-Brain Barrier of Quercetin Analogues.

Despite its beneficial pharmacological effects in the brain, partly by modulating inositol phosphate multikinase (IPMK) activity, the therapeutic use of quercetin is limited due to its poor solubility, low oral bioavailability, and low permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We aimed to identify quercetin analogues with improved BBB permeability and preserved binding affinities towards IPMK and to identify the molecular characteristics required for them to permeate the BBB. Binding affinities of quercetin analogues towards IPMK were determined by molecular docking.

Carob Extract ( L.): Effects on Dyslipidemia and Obesity in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Rat Model.

Dyslipidemia and obesity are recognized as two of the major global health issues and main risk factors for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. In recent years, carob has shown certain antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic potential. In this study, Wistar rats were fed with a standard and cholesterol-enriched diet and treated orally with carob extract and simvastatin for four weeks.

Supercritical fluid technology as a strategy for nifedipine solid dispersions formulation: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Supercritical fluid technology (SFT) is an insufficiently investigated approach for the production of solid dispersions, it is environmentally acceptable and has a high potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this work was to formulate and characterize nifedipine solid dispersions (SDs) produced by the SFT and compare the results with ones obtained by the classical solvent based kneading method. The following in vitro tests were conducted: assay and yield, solvent residues, solid state characterization (FTIR, DSC, XRD), flowability, hygroscopicity, solubility, dissolution and stability.

Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of simvastatin in probiotic bacteria: A step towards better understanding of drug-bile acids-microbiome interactions.

Although pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have been at the forefront of research aimed at finding novel personalized therapies, the focus of research has recently extended to the potential of intestinal microbiota to affect drug efficacy. Complex interplay of gut microbiota with bile acids may have significant repercussions on drug pharmacokinetics. However, far too little attention has been paid to the potential implication of gut microbiota and bile acids in simvastatin response which is characterized by large interindividual variations.

Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties of L.

The framework of this study was a comprehensive investigation of L. extracts, with the aim to establish the correlation between chemical composition and antioxidant/hepatoprotective activity of a series of black mulberry extracts obtained from aerial parts of the plant. Black mulberry leaf (MLEE), bark (MBEE), juice (MJ) and fresh fruit (MFEE) extracts were obtained using the conventional Soxhlet extraction, while the supercritical CO extraction procedure was employed for preparation of the seed oil (MSO).

Plasma Distribution of Methotrexate and Its Polyglutamates in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Preliminary Insights.

Background And Objective: High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the mainstream therapy of current acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regimens, but frequent intra- and interindividual differences in the clinical response to HD-MTX lead to chemotherapeutic interruption or discontinuation. The exact mechanism of transport across the cell membrane and the disposition of active methotrexate metabolites-methotrexate polyglutamates (MTXPGs)-are not well described in the literature. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the plasma distribution of methotrexate and MTXPGs in pediatric patients with ALL and to clarify the obscure pathways of MTXPGs.

Bile acids as novel enhancers of CNS targeting antitumor drugs: a comprehensive review.

Despite a relatively low prevalence of primary brain tumors, they continuously attract scientific interest because of the complexity of their treatment due to their location behind the blood-brain barrier. The main challenge in treatment of brain tumors is not the efficacy of the drugs, per se, but the low efficiency of drug delivery to malignant cells. At the core of the problem is the complex structure of the blood-brain barrier.

PAMPA model of gliclazide permeability: The impact of probiotic bacteria and bile acids.

Gut microbiota and bile acids possess the ability to modify absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of numerous drugs. Since the variability of gliclazide response in patients cannot be explained only by genetic factors, the influence of gut microbiota and bile acids should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria and bile acids on the gliclazide permeability.

Chemical composition, nutritional profile and antioxidant properties of the cultivated mushroom .

This study investigated the chemical and nutritional profile and antioxidative properties of cultivated . Proximate analysis revealed that is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and proteins, and could also be a valuable source of phenolics. Additionally, fat content is low, consisting mainly of polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids.

Binary polymeric amorphous carvedilol solid dispersions: In vitro and in vivo characterization.

Binary polymeric amorphous carvedilol solid dispersions were prepared using solvent method by varying solvent type, polymer type and carvedilol to polymer ratio in order to assess the influence of these factors and maximize carvedilol dissolution rate. Low and high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer were used as polymeric carriers in carvedilol to polymer ratios 1:1, 1:2 or 1:4, while absolute ethanol or acetone were used as solvents. Hard gelatin capsules were prepared with carvedilol solid dispersion and lactose monohydrate, mannitol or microcrystalline cellulose.

Relationship between outpatient antibiotic use and the prevalence of bacterial infections in Montenegro.

Background/aim: The overuse of antibiotics unnecessarily exposes patients to risk of side effects, encourages reconsultation for similar problems and enhances antimicrobial resistance. The use of antibiotics in the year 2011 in Montenegro was high (39.05 Defined Daily Dose – DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day), but it was not considered in relation to the frequency of bacterial diseases.

Cardiovascular effects of methadone and concomitant use of diazepam during methadone maintenance treatment induction: low concentration risk.

Background: The aim is to evaluate the role of diazepam concentrations in development of low-concentration-methadone-associated QTc prolongation in patients with opioid use disorder during methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) induction.

Research Design And Methods: Individuals with addiction disorder on MMT were studied before the beginning of MMT and after one and six months of MMT. Serum concentrations of methadone, diazepam, electrolytes and ECG were analyzed.

High-Loading Dose of Microencapsulated Gliclazide Formulation Exerted a Hypoglycaemic Effect on Type 1 Diabetic Rats and Incorporation of a Primary Deconjugated Bile Acid, Diminished the Hypoglycaemic Antidiabetic Effect.

Background And Objective: Gliclazide is a drug commonly used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, gliclazide has shown desirable pharmacological effects such as immunoregulatory and anti-clotting effects, which suggests potential applications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Gliclazide has variable absorption after oral administration, and thus using targeted-delivery techniques, such as microencapsulation, may optimise gliclazide absorption and potential applications in T1DM.

Insight into anti-diabetic effect of low dose of stevioside.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism due to a lack of insulin or reduced target cell sensitivity to insulin. Stevia rebaudiana is an important source of biochemically active substances with proven anti-diabetic effect. The aim of this study was to determine anti-diabetic effects of the low dose of stevioside in NMRI Haan mice.

Structural insights into anticancer activity of D-ring modified estrone derivatives using their lipophilicity in estimation of SAR and molecular docking studies.

Many forms of breast carcinoma are hormone-dependent and therefore development of novel aromatase inhibitors is of particular interest. Since brain metastases are frequent in patients with advanced breast carcinoma, one of the goals of modern drug development is the discovery of drugs with specific pharmacokinetic profile. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is often used to determine lipophilicity of the molecules based on their retention constant.

Cryptorchidism and pesticides: Is there a connection?

Introduction: The aim of our study was to compare the level of the most common organophosphate metabolite, dimethyl phosphate, in urine of women giving birth to both boys with cryptorchidism (study group), and healthy boys (control group), as well as to compare the level of dimethyl phosphate in our population with the results obtained in other populations.

Material And Methods: After the ethical approval we included thirty women in both study and control groups. All newborns were born between 38 and 42weeks' gestation.