The effects of eccentric phase tempo in squats on hypertrophy, strength, and contractile properties of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of eccentric phase tempo in squats on hypertrophy, strength, and contractile properties of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle.

Methods: Eighteen participants (10 males and 8 females, age 24.0 ± 1.

Correction: Meh et al. Reliability and Validity of Slovenian Versions of IPAQ-SF, GPAQ, and EHIS-PAQ for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Adults. 2022, , 430.

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Motivational variations in fitness: a population study of exercise modalities, gender and relationship status.

Introduction: Motivation plays a crucial role in determining whether or not a person adheres to an exercise program. The present study aimed to determine the motivational differences between people exercising in fitness alone, in groups/aerobics and with a personal trainer by gender and relationship status.

Methods: The Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2) questionnaire was completed by 830 users of 20 largest fitness centers in Slovenia.

Secular trends in skill-related physical fitness among Slovenian children and adolescents from 1983 to 2014.

It is vital from the public health and educational perspective to be familiar with changes in the fitness levels of individuals and populations since fitness is associated with several health outcomes and cognition. Skill-related physical fitness refers to performance in sports or occupation and is associated with motor skill performance. The aim of the present study was to examine secular trends in skill-related physical fitness of 16 678 participants in four youth generations of Slovenian children and adolescents in years 1983 (n = 3128), 1993/94 (n = 3413), 2003/04 (n = 5497), and 2013/14 (n = 4640).

The Effects of Massage Therapy on Sport and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review.

Background: A massage is a tool that is frequently used in sports and exercise in general for recovery and increased performance. In this review paper, we aimed to search and systemize current literature findings relating to massages' effects on sports and exercise performance concerning its effects on motor abilities and neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms.

Methods: The review has been written following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines.

Purchase Channels and Motivation for Exercise in the Slovenian Population: Customer Behavior as a Guarantee of Fitness Center Sustainability.

The sustainability of fitness centers depends on two factors: member recruitment and retention, which is why these factors have received attention in recent decades. Temporal trends in fitness center membership purchase channels from 2016 to 2022 and motivation for exercise in 2022 in the Slovenian general population were investigated. The sample included 3419 participants, including 3131 participants (age 31.

Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?

The present study investigated effects of squat resistance training on intermuscular hypertrophy of quadriceps femoris muscles (i.e., rectus femoris, RF; vastus intermedius, VI; vastus medialis, VM; and vastus lateralis, VL).

Relationship between hypertrophy, strength gains and tensiomyography adaptations: a moderator role of contraction duration.

The aim of the study was to investigate how the relationship between resistance training-induced hypertrophy, strength, and passive contractile adaptations is affected by contraction duration. Twenty university students (11 males) were randomly assigned to either the fast eccentric/fast concentric phase group (F/F; 1 s both phases) or the slow eccentric/fast concentric phase group (S/F; 4 s and 1 s, respectively). Both experimental groups completed a 7-week biceps curl training programme with a total of 14 sessions (2 days/week).

Evaluation of the Limb Symmetry Index: The Side Hop Test.

The main objective of present study was to evaluate inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of Side Hop Test stopwatch vs. force plates timing, and to determine the number of sessions and trials required to minimize the effects of learning on Side Hop Test total time and limb symmetry index. Fifteen healthy male physical education students (mean ± SD: age, 23 ± 3 years; height, 181 ± 9 cm; and weight 72 ± 6 kg) participated.

Reliability and Validity of Slovenian Versions of IPAQ-SF, GPAQ, and EHIS-PAQ for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Adults.

Health policies rely on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior data collected through PA questionnaires (PAQs). Validity of international PAQs varies among countries. Therefore, it is important to know the validity of the national versions of the PAQs to properly evaluate the results.

Associations Between Physical Fitness, Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Academic Performance.

There is evidence that physical activity (PA) can improve the academic performance. We recruited healthy adolescent girls, aged 11-12 years, and measured their PA with the accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X for the consecutive 5 days. Physical fitness (PF) was measured with eight motoric tests and three anthropometry measures.

Quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area and specific leg strength: relationship between different muscles and squat variations.

Background: The aim was to determine the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris and strength performance in the deep and parallel barbell squat.

Methods: The sample included 16 university students (seven female, 24.1 ± 1.

Effects of Resistance Training With Constant, Inertial, and Combined Loads on Muscle Power and Strength Output.

The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance-specific gains in muscle power and strength (1RM) following the training of maximum bench-press throws (BPT) against constant, inertial, and combined resistance. Forty-eight male participants (age 20.5 ± 2.

Secular trends in muscular fitness from 1983 to 2014 among Slovenian children and adolescents.

Low physical fitness has been found to be associated with many chronic diseases and medical conditions. Knowledge of secular trends in physical fitness is important to initiate countermeasures for addressing negative trends. The aim of this study was to analyze secular trends in health-related muscular fitness in Slovenian children and adolescents between 1983 and 2014.

Are the Parameters of Novel Two-Point Force-Velocity Model Generalizable in Leg Muscles?

The two-point force-velocity model allows the assessment of the muscle mechanical capacities in fast, almost fatigue-free conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the two-point parameters with directly measured force and power and to examine the generalization of the two-point parameters across the different functional movement tests of leg muscles. Twelve physically active participants were tested performing three functional lower limb maximal tests under two different magnitudes of loads: countermovement jumps, maximal cycling sprint, and maximal force under isokinetic conditions of the knee extensors.

Comparative effectiveness of school-based interventions targeting physical activity, physical fitness or sedentary behaviour on obesity prevention in 6- to 12-year-old children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic search of the literature was performed to compare the effects of interventions that targeted sedentary behaviours or physical activity (PA) or physical fitness on primary prevention of obesity in 6- to 12-year-old children. The search identified 146 reports that provided relevant data for meta-analysis. Point estimates in % body fat were higher for fitness interventions compared with PA interventions (standardized mean difference = -0.

Increasing trends in childhood overweight have mostly reversed: 30 years of continuous surveillance of Slovenian youth.

The aim of this study is to describe trends in overweight and obesity among Slovenian youth for the period 1989-2018. Nearly all schoolchildren in Slovenia had their height and weight measured annually, which lead to a total of 6,738,510 data-points during the 30-year period. The IOTF cut-off points and Joinpoint regression were used to examine annual percent change (APC) in overweight and obesity prevalence across 3 age groups (7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years).

Decline of physical activity in early adolescence: A 3-year cohort study.

This study analyses the changes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a cohort of boys and girls aged 11 (n = 50) and 14 (n = 50). Physical activity was assessed with Bodymedia SenseWear Pro Armband monitor for 6 days in October 2013 and October 2016, considering 90% of daily wear time (21h and 40min). The initial sample (n = 160) included the children who wore the monitors at age 11 but the final analyzed sample included only those children from the initial sample (n = 50), whose data fulfilled the inclusion criteria at age 11 and 14.

Synthesis of asymmetrically substituted terpyridines by palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of pyridine N-oxides.

The synthesis of asymmetrically substituted 2,2':6',2''-terpyridines is reported. First, palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation of pyridine N-oxides with substituted bromopyridines gave 2,2'-bipyridine N-oxides, which were further arylated in a second step to form 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine N-oxides. Yields of up to 77% were obtained with N-oxides bearing an electron-withdrawing ethoxycarbonyl substituent in the 4-position.

Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted bipyridines by palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of pyridine N-oxides.

Substituted bipyridines were efficiently prepared by direct coupling between pyridine N-oxides and halopyridines using a palladium catalyst. Pyridine N-oxides with electron-withdrawing substituents gave the best yields. This method allows the convenient preparation of 2,2'-, 2,3'-, and 2,4'-bipyridines which are useful as functionalized ligands for metal complexes or as building blocks for supramolecular architectures.