Association of Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Identity With Sustained and Cultivated Careers in Surgery.

Objective: Examine the association between sex, race, ethnicity, and family income, and the intersectionality between these identities, and sustained or cultivated paths in surgery in medical school.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examines US medical students who matriculated in academic years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Data were provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, including self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, family income, interest in surgery at matriculation, and successful placement into a surgical residency at graduation.

Rates of National Institutes of Health Funding for Surgeon-Scientists, 1995-2020.

Importance: Surgeon-scientists are uniquely positioned to facilitate translation between the laboratory and clinical settings to drive innovation in patient care. However, surgeon-scientists face many challenges in pursuing research, such as increasing clinical demands that affect their competitiveness to apply for National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding compared with other scientists.

Objective: To examine how NIH funding has been awarded to surgeon-scientists over time.

Residency Program Directors' Views on Research Conducted During Medical School: A National Survey.

Purpose: With the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 transition to pass/fail in 2022, uncertainty exists regarding how other residency application components, including research conducted during medical school, will inform interview and ranking decisions. The authors explore program director (PD) views on medical student research, the importance of disseminating that work, and the translatable skill set of research participation.

Method: Surveys were distributed to all U.

Sex Differences in Symptom Complexity and Door-to-Balloon Time in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Greater symptom complexity in women than in men could slow acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recognition and delay door-to-balloon (D2B) times. We sought to determine the sex differences in symptom complexity and their relation to D2B times in 1,677 young and older patients with STEMI using data from the VIRGO and SILVER-AMI studies. Symptom complexity was defined by the number of symptom patterns or phenotypes and average number of symptoms.

Gender Disparity in National Institutes of Health Funding Among Surgeon-Scientists From 1995 to 2020.

Importance: Surgical diseases account for approximately 30% of the global burden of disease. Gender diversity in biomedical research is critical to generate innovative patient-centered research in surgery.

Objective: To examine the distribution of biomedical research funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) among women and men surgeon-scientists during a 25-year period.

Gender, Racial, and Ethnic and Inequities in Receipt of Multiple National Institutes of Health Research Project Grants.

Importance: Diversity in the biomedical research workforce is essential for addressing complex health problems. Female investigators and investigators from underrepresented ethnic and racial groups generate novel, impactful, and innovative research, yet they are significantly underrepresented among National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigators.

Objective: To examine the gender, ethnic, and racial distribution of super NIH investigators who received 3 or more concurrent NIH grants.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Internal Medicine Residency Assessments.

Importance: Previous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic inequities in medical student assessments, awards, and faculty promotions at academic medical centers. Few data exist about similar racial and ethnic disparities at the level of graduate medical education.

Objective: To examine the association between race and ethnicity and performance assessments among a national cohort of internal medicine residents.

A risk model for decline in health status after acute myocardial infarction among older adults.

Background: Health status is increasingly recognized as an important patient-centered outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Yet drivers of decline in health status after AMI remain largely unknown in older adults. We sought to develop and validate a predictive risk model for health status decline among older adult survivors of AMI.

Racial disparities among older adults with acute myocardial infarction: The SILVER-AMI study.

Background: Despite an aging population, little is known about racial disparities in aging-specific functional impairments and mortality among older adults hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: We analyzed data from patients aged 75 years or older who were hospitalized for AMI at 94 US hospitals from 2013 to 2016. Functional impairments and geriatric conditions were assessed in-person during the AMI hospitalization.

National Institutes of Health Diversity Supplement Awards by Medical School.

Background: Increasing medical school faculty diversity is an urgent priority. National Institutes of Health (NIH) diversity supplements, which provide funding and career development opportunities to individuals underrepresented in research, are an important mechanism to increase faculty diversity.

Objective: Analyze diversity supplement utilization by medical schools.

Variation in Research Experiences and Publications During Medical School by Sex and Race and Ethnicity.

Importance: Diverse research teams are critical to solving complex health problems and producing high-quality medical research.

Objective: To examine the associations of student sex and racial and ethnic identity with publication rates during medical school.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study assessed individual-level data of US MD graduates from medical school who matriculated in academic years 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016.

Association of Marginalized Identities With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society and Gold Humanism Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students.

Importance: Disparities in medical student membership in Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) are well documented. Less is known about Gold Humanism Honor Society (GHHS) membership and it remains unknown how the intersection of different identities is associated with membership in these honor societies.

Objective: To examine the association between honor society membership and medical student race and ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersection of identities.

Rates of Medical Student Placement Into Graduate Medical Education by Sex, Race and Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status, 2018-2021.

This cohort study investigates whether different rates of medical student placement into graduate medical education exist by sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status from 2018 to 2021.

Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics With US Medical Student Attrition.

Importance: Diversity in the medical workforce is critical to improve health care access and achieve equity for resource-limited communities. Despite increased efforts to recruit diverse medical trainees, there remains a large chasm between the racial and ethnic and socioeconomic composition of the patient population and that of the physician workforce.

Objective: To analyze student attrition from medical school by sociodemographic identities.

Associations between hospitalist physician workload, length of stay, and return to the hospital.

Background: Hospitalist physicians' workload-the total number of patients they care for daily-is rising in the U.S. Hospitalists report that increased workload negatively affects patients care.

Association of Mistreatment and Discrimination With Medical School Attrition.

This cross-sectional study assesses the association of mistreatment and discrimination among medical students with attrition from medical school.