Proinflammatory signaling mechanism of endocan in macrophages: Involvement of TLR2 mediated MAPK-NFkB pathways.

Endocan is an endothelial cell-specific proteoglycan that contributes to vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelial function and inducing vascular smooth muscle cell migration. However, its role in regulating macrophage inflammation, a key pathological feature of vascular dysfunction, is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of endocan on macrophage inflammation to better understand its contribution to vascular dysfunction.

Recent Trends in the Use of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Optimal Drug Delivery Vehicles in Oncology.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are produced by most cells and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Their ability to transfer biological cargo to target cells makes them a promising tool for cancer drug delivery. Advances in sEV engineering, EV mimetics, and ligand-directed targeting have improved the efficacy of anticancer drug delivery and functionality.

Endocan alters nitric oxide production in endothelial cells by targeting AKT/eNOS and NFkB/iNOS signaling.

Endocan, a secretary proteoglycan, known to induce vascular inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells is an important signaling molecule in maintaining the vascular homeostasis. However, the precise effect of endocan in regulating NO pathway is not known.

Trehalose protects the endothelium from cadmium-induced dysfunction.

The objective of the present study is to identify the possible regulatory role of trehalose (Tre) against cadmium chloride (CdCl )-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. To screen the dose-dependent effect of both Tre and CdCl , a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Interestingly, MTT assay results have shown that co-incubation of Tre (1 mM) with CdCl significantly decreased the CdCl (5 µM) cytotoxicity.

Corrigendum to "Studies on solvent precipitation of levan synthesized using MTCC 441" [Heliyon 5 (9) (September 2019) e02414].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Studies on solvent precipitation of levan synthesized using MTCC 441.

Levan is a water soluble biopolymer widely used in food, pharma, personal care and aquaculture industries. In this work, levan was synthesized by MTCC 441 using sucrose as a sole carbon source. Effects of pH, sucrose concentration, nitrogen source, nitrogen concentration, inoculum size and agitation speed on levan production were studied.

Levan production from sucrose using chicken feather peptone as a low cost supplemental nutrient source.

Chicken feather peptone (CFP) derived from poultry waste is a rich source of essential minerals and amino acids. This, along with suitable carbon source, can be used as a low cost complex supplemental nutrient source for microbial fermentation. In the present work, CFP blended with sucrose was evaluated for the production of levan using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441.