Forgotten Ureteral Stents: An Avoidable Morbidity.

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation of forgotten ureteral stents and highlight the etiological factors resulting in the retention of these stents.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Urology, Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from January 2010 to June 2011.

Vesico-vaginal fistula: interposition flap, a key to success.

Background: Vesico-vaginal Fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between bladder and vagina that causes continuous discharge of urine in to vaginal vault. The objective of this study is to describe current trends of aetiology and repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistulae. This is a Descriptive Study, conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Kharian between May 2001 and May 2007.

Metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma of adrenal gland.

Malignant pheochromocytoma is a rare disease with a high mortality. Surgical removal is usually curative while chemotherapy and radiotherapy are palliative treatments. A case of metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland is presented who had fluctuating blood pressure with episodic headache and raised urinary VMA levels.