Role of Superantigens in Various Childhood Inflammatory Diseases.

Superantigens (Sags) are a part of some viral or bacterial proteins that stimulate T cells and antigen-presenting cells leading to systemic immune repose and inflammation. SAgs might have a possible role in various inflammatory childhood diseases (e.g.

Lessons from Ten Years' the Prevalence of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the Young Population Living in a Developing Country, Tehran; Iran.

Background: A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available and prescribed in IRAN.

Objective: This is a survey of CRS cases collected based on WHO criteria one decade after the MR vaccination campaign (2003).

Methods: This Multi-stage prospective/cross-sectional study was carried out in three stages in 3 educational hospitals in Tehran (Rasoul Aram, Akbar Abadi, and Firoozabadi), In the first stage of the study between 2011 and 2012 total of 186 infants were evaluated, and in the second stage of the study, total 163 blood samples of infants with suspected INTRA UTERINE INFECTION were compared with a group of healthy matched infants.

Searching the Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin -1 in Septic Children with negative Cultures: A Comparative Study in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Bacteria induced sepsis is common in infants and children. Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous exotoxins, like staphylococcal Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST- 1), which stimulate the immune system by T cell activation and inflammation in various organs. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal toxins, generally named super antigens (SAgs), may also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of some pediatric disorders especially in the clinical presentation of sepsis and septic shock.

The Resistance Rate of Helicobacter Pylori to Clarithromycin and Main Mutations on Bacterial Genomic Responsible for Bacterial Resistance: A Comparative Study in Children and Adults, Tehran and Iran.

Background: High resistance to common antibiotics has become a huge global dilemma in eradicating Helicobacter Pylori infection in both children and adults. The great concern is about the resistance to different classes of antibiotics especially Clarithromycin because of its widespread use.

Objectives: The present survey aimed to assess the resistance rate to Clarithromycin in Helicobacter Pylori isolated in patients aged less than 15 years as compared to patients older than 15 years of age.

Detection of the M. pneumonia in Synovial Fluid of Children with Negative Culture Arthritis: A Cross Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Arthritis could be caused by different etiologies ranging from rheumatologic diseases to infectious conditions. Therefore, early diagnosis of etiology and treatment is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the the M.

Assessments of blood lead levels in children with febrile convulsion.

Background: Lead elements have an adverse effect on human health. The most important complications of lead poisoning are disorders of nervous system particularly seizure .This study aimed to evaluate the blood lead levels and its association with convulsion in a group of hospitalized febrile children.