Overdiagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in children with biliary atresia.

Serum cortisol mainly binds to the cortisol-binding globulin (CBG). Children with biliary atresia (BA) may have low serum CBG levels; thus, low serum total cortisol (TC) levels and adrenal insufficiency (AI) may be overdiagnosed. This study aimed to assess adrenal function in children with BA.

Long-term outcomes of anti-thyroid drug treatment in childhood-onset Graves' disease.

Objective: Outcomes of childhood-onset Graves' disease (GD) and suggested duration of anti-thyroid drug (ATD) therapy have been controversial. This study aimed to determine long-term outcomes following ATD therapy, including remission and relapse rates.

Design, Patients And Measurements: A retrospective study of 265 paediatric patients with GD who were initially treated with ATD was conducted.

Glucose metabolism in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in children. Overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in SJIA resembles that in adult onset Still disease. Chronic inflammation causes insulin resistance and consequently leading to abnormal glucose metabolism.

Beta cell function, incretin hormones, and incretin effect in obese children and adolescents with prediabetes.

Background: Defects of incretin hormones and incretin effect may be underlying mechanisms of abnormal glucose metabolism in youth.

Objective: To assess incretin hormone dynamics during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and incretin effect in obese children with prediabetes in comparison with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Overweight and obese children were enrolled and classified according to OGTT results as NGT and prediabetes.

Short-term effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY in girls with central precocious puberty.

Objectives: To determine appetite-regulating hormone levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) before and after 20 weeks of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) treatment.

Methods: Eighteen newly diagnosed CPP girls were enrolled. Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and GnRH-A test were performed with fasting serum leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) measurements at baseline (before) and after 20 weeks of GnRH-A treatment.

DUOX2 variants are a frequent cause of congenital primary hypothyroidism in Thai patients.

Objective: To identify the genetic etiologies of congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) in Thai patients.

Design And Methods: CH patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics including age, signs and symptoms of CH, pedigree, family history, screened thyroid-stimulating hormone results, thyroid function tests, thyroid imaging, clinical course and treatment of CH were collected.

Serum Kisspeptin and Its Relation to Metabolic Parameters and Glucose Metabolism in Prepubertal and Pubertal Obese Children.

Objective: Kisspeptin, a puberty control neuropeptide, has been discovered to have an additional role in metabolism and glucose homeostasis regulation. This study aimed to determine the association of serum kisspeptin with metabolic parameters and glucose metabolism in obese children. A cross-sectional study of 270 obese children was conducted.

Skewed X chromosome inactivation in girls and female adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Objective: Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was associated with female predominance in adult autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). In normal females, skewed XCI is increased with age. Whether early-onset skewed XCI is associated with childhood ATD remains unknown.

Serum glypican 4 level in obese children and its relation to degree of obesity.

Objective: Previous adult studies have demonstrated associations of serum glypican 4 (Gpc4) and obesity parameters and insulin sensitivity. However, an association of serum Gpc4 and glucose metabolism remains contradictory. Study of serum Gpc4 in obese children has not been conducted.

Acute Effects of Blood Transfusion on Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Children with β-Thalassemia/Hemoglobin E Disease.

Objective: To assess the acute effects of blood transfusion on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in thalassemia patients.

Methods: Fifty children and adolescents with β-thalassemia/HbE disease were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed prior to, and one week after blood transfusion.