Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of plaunotol and plaunoi extracts complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

(Plaunoi) leaves accumulate several diterpenes and possess various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to prepare, characterize and assess the antibacterial activity of inclusion complexes prepared by mixing plaunotol (PL) or plaunoi extract (PE) with cyclodextrins (CD), including α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexes were characterized using SEM, XRD, DSC, and FT-IR and evaluated for aqueous solubility and thermal stability.

RiceSorb as Talcum Substitute for Loose Face Powders: Formulation and Characterization.

Excessive and daily inhalation of talcum, a main ingredient of face powders, causes pulmonary talcosis, which has led to the replacement of talcum with safer natural ingredients. RiceSorb, or starch from Japanese rice, was used as an alternative owing to its nontoxic and excellent oil absorption capacity. The objectives of the present work were to formulate loose face powders from RiceSorb and to investigate the physicochemical properties of the prepared formulations.

A Cold Process Preparation of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Oil Lotions using Simulgel FL as an Emulsifier.

Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) contains viscous volatile oil, which has the ability to repel mosquitoes similar to citronella oil, a well-known mosquito repellent in tropical countries, like Thailand. The objectives of the current study were to formulate the stable oil-in-water vetiver oil lotions using Simulgel FL as a liquid emulsifier, to investigate the physicochemical properties of the prepared lotions and to evaluate the in vitro release characteristics of the stable vetiver oil lotions. In this work, the concentrations of Simulgel FL ranged from 1% to 3% weight in weight, whereas the concentrations of vetiver oil were varied: 2.

Physicochemical properties, in vitro release and skin permeation studies of a topical formulation of standardized pomegranate rind extract.

The aim of the present study was to develop a stable formulation containing standardized pomegranate rind extracts (SPRE) for topical use in the treatment of dermal diseases. Ellagic acid (EA) as the major active constituent of SPRE (not less than 13%) was quantified by HPLC as an indicator for studies on the stability, in vitro drug release, and skin penetration/retention. The formulation prepared with polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and PEG 4000) containing 5% SPRE has been found to be stable and provide a release rate of 36.

Topical anti-inflammatory potential of standardized pomegranate rind extract and ellagic acid in contact dermatitis.

The present study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of a standardized pomegranate rind extracts (SPRE) in parallel with its marker compound ellagic acid (EA, 13% w/w) against a mouse model of contact dermatitis. In the phenol-induced mouse ear edema, topical application of SPRE (5, 2.5, and 1 mg/ear) and EA (0.

Characterization and release kinetics of nicotinamide microemulsion-based gels.

The aim of this study was to investigate physicochemical characteristics and to determine in vitro release kinetics of prepared nicotinamide microemulsion-based gels (MBGs). Nicotinamide microemulsions (ME) were composed of 3% w/w nicotinamide, 7% w/w water, 25% w/w soybean oil, and 65% w/w of 9:1 oleth-10:isopropyl alcohol mixture. A water-in-oil (w/o) type ME was converted to three MBGs.

Effects of glucam P-20, vanillin, and fixolide on mosquito repellency of citronella oil lotions.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three fragrance fixatives, Glucam P-20, Vanillin, and Fixolide, on the mosquito repellent property of citronella oil lotions. In the current study, two formulae (A and B) of oil-in-water citronella oil lotions were formulated using different ingredients (emulsifiers [Cremophors or Emulwax], stiffening agents, and emollients). Citronella oil was used at 10% wt:wt.

Microemulsions and nanoemulsions: novel vehicles for whitening cosmeceuticals.

For Asian women, white skin is preferable. During the last decade, skin whitening products appear to be the largest and continually growing segment in skin-care market in Asia and have an impaction of economic worth. Skin whitening or lightening agents are as cosmetics which act as a drug-like benefit since melanin producing process of the skin is disturbed and can be classified as cosmeceuticals.

Development of a pH-responsive drug delivery system for enantioselective-controlled delivery of racemic drugs.

This study aimed to develop enantioselective-controlled drug delivery systems for selective release of the required (S)-enantiomer in a dose formulation containing a racemic drug in response to pH stimuli. The recognition system was obtained from a nanoparticle-on-microsphere (NOM) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with a multifunctional chiral cinchona anchor synthesised by suspension polymerisation using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. (S)-omeprazole was used as an imprinting molecule conferring stereoselectivity upon the polymers.

Crystal structure transformations and dissolution studies of cimetidine-piroxicam coprecipitates and physical mixtures.

We have recently demonstrated that coprecipitation of cimetidine (C) and piroxicam (P) at a mole ratio of 1:1 results in the transformation of the crystalline forms of both drugs to an amorphous state. In this study, coprecipitates and physical mixtures of cimetidine and piroxicam were further investigated at C/P mole ratios of 1:10, 1:5, 1:4, 1:2, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, and 52.5:1, the latter being the composition of a clinically used dosage.

S-propranolol imprinted polymer nanoparticle-on-microsphere composite porous cellulose membrane for the enantioselectively controlled delivery of racemic propranolol.

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticle-on-microspheres (NOM) selective for S-propranolol were successfully prepared using suspension polymerization involving agitation of the reaction mixture at high speed. The integration of the MIP-NOM into a self-assembled porous cellulose membrane allowed a controlled distribution and availability of the molecule recognition sites within a porous structure. The nature of the membrane-included microparticles determined the degree of porosity whilst the adherent nanoparticles provided an increased surface area enabling the composite membrane to be employed efficiently for the trans-membrane transport of the imprinted molecule.

Transdermal delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic local anesthetics from o/w and w/o Brij 97-based microemulsions.

Purpose: To characterize the physicochemical properties of drug-loaded oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) Brij 97-based microemulsions in comparison to their blank counterparts and to investigate the influence of microemulsion type on in vitro skin permeation of model hydrophobic drugs and their hydrophilic salts.

Methods: The microemulsion systems were composed of isopropyl palmitate (IPP), water and a 2:1 w/w mixture of Brij 97 and 1-butanol. The samples were characterized by visual appearance, pH, refractive index, electrical conductivity, viscosity and determination of the state of water and IPP in the formulations using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).