Occurrence and Risk Factors Associated with Infection in Cats with Elevated Liver Enzymes.

spp., a hepatic trematode, causes fatal hepatobiliary disease in cats. Feline platynosomiasis is often underestimated due to a lack of awareness and diagnostic challenges.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing Cymbopogon citratus essential oil: Enhancing the stability and acaricide efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

The objectives of this study were to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to enhance the stability and efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil or lemongrass oil (LEO) against cattle tick larvae and engorged females. The system with the highest oil loading in SEDDS was composed of LEO (23.33%w/w), Tween 80: SGKH 4000 in a 2:1 ratio as surfactant (66.

Inhibitory effects on bovine babesial infection by iron chelator, 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)- 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1), and antimalarial drugs.

Background: Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the apicomplexan phylum, genus Babesia. It is a malaria-like parasitic disease that can be transmitted via tick bites. The apicomplexan phylum of eukaryotic microbial parasites has had detrimental impacts on human and veterinary medicine.

Tick-borne Pathogen Detection and Its Association with Alterations in Packed Cell Volume of Dairy Cattle in Thailand.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) massively impact bovine production. In endemic countries, animals are often subclinically infected, showing no signs of the illness. Anemia is a hallmark of TBDs, but there is inadequate information on its presence in infected Thai cattle.

Measurement of Babesia bovis infected red blood cells using flow cytometry.

Rapid and accurate tools are needed for high-throughput in vitro antibabesial drug testing. In this study, flow cytometry for the measuring of Babesia bovis in vitro culture, was developed using SYBR Green I and compared against the results of fluorescence-based assay and microscopic assay. A high correlation of measured parasitemia was observed with high R value (R = 0.

Recombinant GP19 Protein as a Promising Vaccine Prototype Providing a Protective Immune Response in a Mouse Model.

The intracellular bacterium is the causative pathogen of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) in dogs. Despite its veterinary and medical importance, there is currently no available vaccine against this pathogen. In this study, the recombinant GP19 (rGP19) was produced and used as a recombinant vaccine prototype in a mouse model against experimental infection.

Immunization of Cattle With Recombinant Structural Ectodomains I and II of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 [BbAMA-1(I/II)] Induces Strong Th1 Immune Response.

Both strong innate and adaptive immune responses are an important component of protection against intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites. Resistance to bovine babesiosis is associated with interferon (IFN)-γ mediated responses. CD4 T cells and macrophages have been identified as major effector cells mediating the clearance of pathogens.

Isolation and in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma evansi Thai strains.

Trypanosoma evansi is a flagellate protozoan parasite responsible for "surra". To generate T. evansi antigens for serodiagnosis, parasites are generally propagated in laboratory animals before isolation.

Liver- and Spleen-Specific Immune Responses in Experimental Infection in BALB/c Mice.

is a neglected cause of an emerging leishmaniasis in many countries, including France, Germany, Switzerland, the United States of America, Myanmar, and Thailand, with different clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic, cutaneous (CL), visceral (VL), and atypically disseminated CL and VL. The persistence of parasites and the recurrence of the disease after treatment are challenges in controlling the disease. To explore efficient prophylaxis and therapy, this study aimed to investigate infection outcome and organ-specific immune responses after inoculation with (MHOM/TH/2011/PG; 5 x 10 promastigotes) in BALB/c mice intravenous and intraperitoneal routes.

Effect of GP19 Peptide Hyperimmune Antiserum on Activated Macrophage during Infection in Canine Macrophage-like Cells.

In terms of its veterinary importance, vaccine development against is needed. However, the effect of developing vaccines on humoral immune response against infection is still unknown. Novel GP19 was synthesized according to GP19 epitope prediction.

Structural and immunological characterization of an epitope within the PAN motif of ectodomain I in apical membrane antigen 1 for vaccine development.

Background: Bovine babesiosis caused by s) has had a significant effect on the mobility and mortality rates of the cattle industry worldwide. Live-attenuated vaccines are currently being used in many endemic countries, but their wide use has been limited for a number of reasons. Although recombinant vaccines have been proposed as an alternative to live vaccines, such vaccines are not commercially available to date.

Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis.

The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel drug delivery system of the modified rice hydrogel containing praziquantel (PZQ) against isolated from ostrich eyes and determine the toxicity of the preparation on chicken eye model. The parasiticidal activity of PZQ (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) was tested on . The ophthalmic antiparasitic hydrogel was formulated with appropriate amount of PZQ and chemically modified rice gel.

Geographic Spatial Distribution Patterns of and Infection in Community Dogs in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Filariasis is emerging as a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas. Filariasis is an endemic problem commonly found in southeast Asian countries. Using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the ITS1 region with I, the overall prevalence rates of (12.

: The Neglected Zoonotic Parasite of Community Dogs in Thailand and Its Genetic Diversity among Asian Countries.

is a zoonotic helminth that is commonly found in domestic dogs and cats throughout Asia but is largely neglected in many countries. This study aimed to confirm the species of hookworm in dogs and soil environments and investigate the evolutionary analyses of among Thai and Asian populations. In a total of 299 dog fecal samples and 212 soil samples from 53 temples, the prevalence rates of hookworm infection by microscopic examination were 26.

Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks and fleas collected from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia.

Background: Ticks and fleas are considered amongst the most important arthropod vectors of medical and veterinary concern due to their ability to transmit pathogens to a range of animal species including dogs, cats and humans. By sharing a common environment with humans, companion animal-associated parasitic arthropods may potentially transmit zoonotic vector-borne pathogens (VBPs). This study aimed to molecularly detect pathogens from ticks and fleas from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia.

Comparative efficacy of afoxolaner and ivermectin in dogs naturally infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato: A clinical field study conducted in Thailand.

Afoxolaner is a novel insecticidal and acaricidal of the isoxazoline family, which is used in veterinary practice to control infestation of dogs by fleas, ticks, and mites (NexGard, Boehringer Ingelheim). Ivermectin is an avermectin administered at microdoses to prevent infection of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis and is used off-label to control Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation of dogs in numerous countries, including Thailand. Here we conducted two trials to assess the efficacy of afoxolaner for treating natural R.

Genetic Characterization of Cambodian Fasciola gigantica and Dispersal Direction of the Species in Asia.

Fasciola gigantica and hybrid Fasciola are distributed throughout Asia. Herein, we investigated the species of the Fasciola fluke distributed in three hotspots of fascioliasis in Cambodia. A total of 92 flukes collected from 21 slaughtered cattle from Kandal (44), Battambang (41), and Kratie (7) Provinces were identified as F.

Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens isolated from cattle on Pemba Island, Tanzania.

Tick-borne diseases cause significant losses to livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions. In Tanzania, detailed studies on tick-borne pathogens in cattle using sensitive molecular detection methods are scarce. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Theileria spp.

Two different genogroups of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Thailand using immunodominant protein genes.

Ehrlichia canis is the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). While there is a high prevalence of CME in Thailand, genetic diversity of E. canis is still poorly defined.

Biliary cystadenoma associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic cat (Felis catus).

A 12-year-old, female, domestic cat (Felis catus) presented with dehydration, emaciation, anorexia, and lethargy. The cat was unresponsive to medical treatment and euthanized; the carcass was submitted for pathological diagnosis. Necropsy revealed icteric mucous membranes.

Development of in situ hybridization for detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants.

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is one of the most important viral infectious diseases affecting the elephant population worldwide, especially juveniles and young adults. We developed a chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) test for detection of EEHV in Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus). Digoxigenin (DIG) DNA probes from the polymerase and terminase genes of EEHV were synthesized using a PCR DIG-labeling method, and detection of hybridized probe to target EEHV DNA was carried out by anti-DIG immunolabeling.

Low levels of genetic diversity associated with evidence of negative selection on the Babesia bovis apical membrane antigen 1 from parasite populations in Thailand.

Babesia bovis, a parasite infecting cattle and buffalo, continues to spread throughout the developing world. The babesial vaccine was developed to be a sustainable alternative treatment to control the parasite. However, genetic diversity is a major obstacle for designing and developing a safe and effective vaccine.

Comparison of LAMP and PCR for molecular mass screening of sand flies for Leishmania martiniquensis infection.

Background: Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania martiniquensis infection has been reported in human and domestic animals of Martinique Island, Germany, Switzerland, USA, Myanmar and Thailand. The peculiar clinical features of disseminated cutaneous and visceral forms co-existence render the urgent need of specific diagnostic tool to identify the natural sand fly vectors for effective prevention and control strategies. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of 18S rRNA gene as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of minicircle kinetoplast DNA gene (PCR-mkDNA) have never been applied to detect L.