Mobile health teleconsultation and telemedicine in operating outpatient departments during COVID-19 pandemic at a hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Background: Telemedicine provides a means to deliver healthcare across distances, enhancing efficiency and accessibility, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted its importance by reducing the risk of virus transmission while maintaining healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the telemedicine program implemented at B.

Current insights and challenges in the management of perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC): a systematic review of multimodal imaging features and treatment strategies.

The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the multimodal imaging (MMI) features that define perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and to update the optimal treatment strategies for this disorder with a focus also on the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. This systematic review was performed based on a search of the PubMed and Embase databases of relevant papers on the subject of PVAC. PVAC is characterized by well-defined MMI findings, including remarkable morphological features with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a 23-year-old male.

Purpose: To report a case of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy after long-term exposure in a 23-year-old male.

Methods: Multimodal imaging including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and en face OCT were performed, in addition to functional testing with full-field electroretinography (ERG) and Humphrey visual field (HVF).

Results: A 23-year-old man with a history of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and HCQ treatment for 13 years at a dosage of 200 mg/d (cumulative dose: 949 grams) presented to the retinal clinic (DS).

Pentosan polysulfate sodium maculopathy: Final analysis of a prospective cohort, updated review, and association with inflammatory bowel disease.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy is a recently described condition of macular toxicity. We report the prevalence (15 %), the clinical characteristics, and the multimodal imaging (MMI) features of PPS maculopathy based on a final prospective analysis of a cohort of 154 subjects and highlight the association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we summarize the most recent and relevant literature on PPS maculopathy.

Loss to Follow-Up in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy or Diabetic Macular Edema.

Importance: Effective management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) requires reliable patient follow-up to prevent disease progression.

Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with being lost to follow-up (LTFU) among individuals with PDR or DME treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections (IVIs) or panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included a multicenter, retrospective review of patients with PDR or DME treated in Toronto, Canada, from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021.

Type 3 Macular Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Baseline Predictors of 3-Year Macular Atrophy Development.

Purpose: To identify baseline OCT predictors of the 3-year macular atrophy (MA) development for type 3 (T3) macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated by anti-VEGF therapy.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: We included patients with treatment-naive T3 MNV secondary to nAMD at baseline, treated with anti-VEGF during a 3-year follow-up.

Women's collectives and social support: exploring pathways and impacts among forcibly displaced women.

Background: During humanitarian crises, women face both heightened vulnerabilities and a disruption to their social networks. Previous research points to the positive impact of women's collectives in low-income settings, but less is known about the distinct forms, mechanisms, and consequences of the social support that emerges from these collectives, particularly for women affected by conflict. Recognizing the importance of social support in such contexts, this study utilizes the photovoice methodology to examine the dynamics of social support across women's collectives in three distinct settings.

Catastrophic retinal vascular occlusion and vision loss due to crystal deposition in end-stage kidney disease treated with peritoneal dialysis.

Purpose: To report two cases of catastrophic retinal vascular occlusion and crystalline retinopathy due to presumed oxalosis and hyperphosphatemia.

Observations: We describe two unrelated patients with end-stage kidney failure (ESKD) treated with peritoneal dialysis that developed rapid bilateral vision loss due to severe retinal vascular occlusion. Multi-modal retinal imaging studies demonstrated crystalline deposits.

Multifocal Vitelliform Paravascular Retinopathy (MVPR): A New Disorder in the Vitelliform Spectrum.

Purpose: To describe a new retinal phenotype characterized by bilateral, multifocal, subretinal vitelliform lesions along the vascular arcades that we refer to as multifocal vitelliform paravascular retinopathy (MVPR).

Design: Observational case series.

Methods: Multimodal retinal imaging including color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence and cross sectional and en-face optical coherence tomography was performed to evaluate and characterize the lesions of MVPR.

EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY MORPHOLOGY OF MACULAR PUCKER CORRELATES WITH METAMORPHOPSIA: Possible Role of the Henle Fiber Layer.

Purpose: To describe macular pucker contraction patterns with en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), to provide a correlation with metamorphopsia scores, and to discuss the protective role of the Henle fiber layer (HFL) against tangential traction.

Methods: Retrospective, institutional, observational, and consecutive case series. Clinical charts, M-charts scores, and structural and en face OCT imaging of patients diagnosed with macular pucker were reviewed.

Long Term Follow Up of a Family with A3243G Mitochondrial Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) features of a family (proband, sister and mother) with A3243G mitochondrial retinopathy and long-term follow up.

Methods: Medical and imaging records were retrospectively evaluated. Multimodal imaging included ultra-widefield color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Sub retinal pigment epithelium hyporeflective spaces preceding large drusen collapse.

Purpose: To describe and study hyporeflective sub retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces in large drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment prior to collapse.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study which enrolled patients with large and very large drusen due to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The following optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were assessed: Drusen size (maximum width and height), OCT biomarkers of RPE atrophy, presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF), acquired vitelliform lesion and sub RPE regions of hyporeflectivity within the PED compartment.

Improvement of Tamoxifen Induced Foveal Cavitation with Topical Dorzolamide Therapy.

Purpose: To present a case of severe foveal cavitation and near complete macular hole secondary to tamoxifen toxicity that improved after tamoxifen cessation and topical dorzolamide therapy.

Methods: A 45-year-old female referred with bilateral tamoxifen maculopathy. Bilateral foveal cavitation, worse in the right eye (OD) with draping of the internal limiting membrane, was noted with baseline optical coherence tomography.

Effect of Brolucizumab and Aflibercept on the Maximum Thickness of Pigment Epithelial Detachments and Sub-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Fluid in HAWK and HARRIER.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of brolucizumab and aflibercept treatment in reducing the maximum thickness of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) and sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) fluid in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the HAWK and HARRIER studies.

Design: HAWK and HARRIER were 96-week, prospective, randomized, double-masked, controlled, multicenter studies.

Participants: A total of 1775 patients across 11 countries were included in the HAWK study, and 1048 patients across 29 countries were included in the HARRIER study.