Lactoferrin: The Natural Protector of the Eye against Coronavirus-19.

Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19), which has affected the whole world in a very short time, can infect the eye by using the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor. Viral prevalence in the conjunctiva was reported to be between 3% and 16% in patients with Covid-19. Although Covid-19 has been reported to cause symptoms of conjunctivitis and rash in the eye, no complete evidence has yet been presented that the virus is transmitted from the eye.

A New Matrix Therapy Agent for Faster Corneal Healing and Less Ocular Discomfort Following Epi-off Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking in Progressive Keratoconus.

Purpose: To investigate the hypothesis that a new matrix therapy agent (ReGeneraTing Agent, [RGTA]) would speed up the corneal reepithelialization, improve stromal healing, and reduce ocular symptoms after epi-off corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in the study. Epi-off accelerated CXL was performed in all patients.

Effects of chronic smoking on color vision in young subjects.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of chronic smoking on color vision in young subjects.

Methods: This study included 91 smokers and 88 non-smokers (a total of 179 volunteers) without any ophthalmologic and systemical disorders. The subjects were between 18-40 years of age with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20, normal anterior and posterior segment examinations and normal intraocular pressure.

Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in pterygia may have a predictive value for a higher postoperative recurrence rate.

Background: To investigate the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 in pterygium and to clarify the prognostic significance of these expressions in pterygia.

Methods: A total of 40 surgically excised pterygia and 9 normal conjunctivae were immunohistochemically studied applying the streptavidin-biotin method in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Monoclonal antibodies were targeted against VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 proteins.

Obstructive sleep apnoea prevalence in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

Aims: The aim of this study was to show the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with NAION were included in the study. 20 age and sex matched subjects with similar risk factors for NAION, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT), constituted the control group.

Changes in central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and oxidation/antioxidation parameters at high altitude.

Background: The authors aimed at investigating ophthalmological changes at high altitude and correlating this with blood oxidation/antioxidation parameters.

Methods: There were 40 volunteers who participated in the study. Initial ophthalmological examinations were performed at 3543 ft (1080 m) and repeated on the following day after the participants climbed to an altitude of 9186 ft (2800 m) on Mt.

Clinical spectrum of the pseudotumor cerebri in children: etiological, clinical features, treatment and prognosis.

Objective: Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a clinical condition characterized by signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache and papilledema. Our aim was to investigate the etiological and clinical features of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) in children.

Materials And Method: We performed a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology, diagnostic work-up, therapy, and clinical follow-up in 42 consecutive patients.

Orbital apex syndrome in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Orbital apex syndrome is a rare manifestation of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Herein we report on a case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. A 75 year-old male complained of vision loss, conjunctival hyperemia and proptosis on the left eye, was referred to our clinic.

The change in ocular higher-order aberrations after pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft: a 1-year prospective clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft plus corneal polishing on ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and to monitor the changes throughout the first postoperative year.

Methods: A total of 18 eyes of 16 patients with primary pterygium who had an indication for surgical excision were included in the study. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination preoperatively and at the third and twelfth postoperative months.

Corneal endothelial characteristics and central corneal thickness in a population of Turkish cataract patients.

Objectives: The aim was to assess corneal endothelial characteristics and central corneal thickness (CCT) in a population of Turkish cataract patients and to define the impact of age and gender on these parameters.

Methods: Five hundred and seventeen cataract patients were examined with noncontact specular microscope preoperatively. The eye planned to be operated was selected for analysis.

The results of electrophysiological tests in unilateral extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers: report of three cases.

The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and electrophysiological findings of three patients with unilateral extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers. Three patients with unilateral extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers were examined. A complete ophthalmologic examination including uncorrected and best spectacle corrected visual acuities (UCVA, BSCVA) on Snellen charts, dilated fundoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), perimetry and electrophysiological tests was performed.

Evaluation of ocular surface damage and dry eye status in chronic hepatitis C at different stages of hepatic fibrosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in ocular surface and tear function parameters in chronic hepatitis C at different stages of hepatic fibrosis.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without systemic hepatitis C infection were examined with the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, Schirmer with and without anesthesia, tear film breakup time, and scoring of ocular surface Lissamine green staining using modified Oxford and van Bijsterveld scoring systems and corneal fluorescein staining.

Results: Patients with chronic hepatitis C scored significantly worse than the control subjects on all parameters: modified Oxford scores of Lissamine green staining (5.

Topical cyclosporine A as a steroid-sparing agent in steroid-dependent idiopathic ocular myositis with scleritis: a case report and review of the literature.

Objective: To report on a case of idiopathic orbital myositis with scleritis that was effectively controlled with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and to provide a review of the literature on the treatment of ocular myositis with scleritis.

Methods: A case report.

Pattern electroretinographic recordings in eyes with myopia.

Purpose: Pattern electroretinography (PERG) is a specific test for the analysis of functions of the central retina. In this study, we investigated the PERG recordings in subjects with myopia.

Subjects And Methods: This study was performed on 1 eye of 80 subjects with varying degrees of myopia.

Pattern electroretinographic results after photodynamic therapy alone and photodynamic therapy in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in pattern electroretinography (PERG) 1 month after photodynamic therapy alone and photodynamic therapy in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: This is a prospective series of 45 eyes with subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD. Twenty eyes were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin and 1.

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva first misdiagnosed as a pterygium: a clinicopathologic case report.

Purpose: To describe the clinical findings of a patient who initially underwent surgery for a pterygium and who was finally diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and to determine the necessity and importance of pathologic investigation in all cases of a presumed pterygium.

Methods: A case report.

Results: A 63-year-old man was referred for severe pain, redness, and purulent secretion in his right eye.

Corneal injury from a metallic foreign body: an occupational hazard.

Purpose: To describe a patient with a corneal injury from a metallic foreign body caused by negligence, and to highlight the importance of measures that must be taken to prevent corneal injuries.

Methods: A 21-year-old man experienced a foreign body sensation, pain, and redness in his left eye after he cut some iron material without using any eye protection. Slitlamp examination showed a thin, curled piece of iron material stuck into the cornea horizontally.

Ocular blood flow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Background: Sleep-related disorders are among the important risk factors for neurovascular diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia. Our aim was to investigate the presence of glaucoma in patients with OSAS and to reveal vascular pathology related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in those patients.

Multifocal electroretinogram for assessing sun damage following the solar eclipse of 29 March 2006: multifocal electroretinography in solar maculopathy.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical findings and multifocal electroretinography results of cases with solar maculopathy due to eclipse watching.

Patients And Method: Eight eyes of six patients (ages ranged 12-42) who presented to our clinic after the solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 were evaluated in the study. All patients underwent a full ophthalmologic examination and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).

Nasolacrimal endometriosis. A case report.

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. In this paper, we present a patient with nasolacrimal system endometriosis which is a rare clinical condition.

Ocular trauma in Turkey: a 2-year prospective study.

This 2-year prospective study was conducted to identify those at risk for ophthalmologic emergencies, to define the risk factors and reasons for eye injuries, to analyze treatment options, and to compare findings with those of previous studies. A total of 203 patients (74% male, mean age 27.3+/-13.

The changes of pattern electroretinography at the early stage of photodynamic therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term changes in pattern electroretinography (PERG) after photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients (17 males, 13 females) with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age related macular degeneration were included in this study. Standard PDT with verteporfin was performed on each patient.

Electrooculography after photodynamic therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in electrooculography (EOG) after photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients (21 males, 17 females) with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age related macular degeneration were included in this study. Standart PDT with verteporfin was performed on each patient.

Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipid peroxidation levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Our objective was to investigate antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity together with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels to evaluate oxidative stress in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an important cause of blindness in the elderly population. Serum PON1 activity and MDA levels were analyzed in 37 patients with AMD and compared with 29 healthy controls using a spectrophotometric method. Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in the patient group (2.

Experimental posterior perforating ocular injury in rabbit eyes: effects of radiotherapy with or without intravitreal cyclosporin on vitreous proliferation.

Double perforating ocular injuries were made in 30 rabbits and the effects of radiotherapy (RT) alone or in combination with cyclosporin (CS) on vitreous proliferation investigated. Thirteen rabbits in group 1 received RT alone (600 cGy), and 13 rabbits in group 2 received RT combined with 100 microg of intravitreal CS. No treatment was given to 4 rabbits in the control group (group 3).