Clinicopathological Profile of a Cohort of Patients With Malignant Melanoma in the United Kingdom.

Introduction Malignant melanoma (MM) is potentially a fatal type of skin cancer and a major health concern for the Caucasian population. It is a heterogeneous disease with a wide spectrum of manifestations. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of MM.

Aggressive Angiomyxoma, Angiomyofibroblastoma, and Cellular Angiofibroma of the Lower Female Genital Tract: Related Entities With Different Outcomes.

Introduction Mesenchymal tumors of the lower female genital tract (FGT) are a miscellaneous group of tumors that include aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM), angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB), cellular angiofibroma (CAF), and related entities. Histologically, these tumors are composed of stromal cells admixed with vessels, with some minor histological differences. An accurate diagnosis of these tumors is important owing to the differences in the outcome.

Recurrent Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompetent Patient.

Invasive cardiac aspergillosis is a rare form of disseminated infection which carries a very high mortality rate even with aggressive treatment. Importantly, patients with pre-existing cardiac lesions, prosthetic valves, stents, coronary bypass grafts, and implanted devices are at greater risk. A case of fatal, recurrent, disseminated infection in an immunocompetent patient with invasion of a structurally normal heart in the context of multiorgan involvement is presented.

Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Parameters and Prognostic Profile.

Introduction Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is defined as breast cancer with a heterologous non-glandular component. MBC is considered a special type of breast cancer with a prognosis that is worse than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. MBC is the most common breast cancer with a triple-negative profile.

Clinicopathological Features of Craniopharyngioma: A 15-Year Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan.

Introduction Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign neoplasms and most common suprasellar tumors. They are more frequent in children, contributing to a significant number of intracranial tumors in the pediatric population and are thought to be arising either from the epithelial remnant cells of the craniopharyngeal duct or from the adenohypophysis epithelium. Two subtypes of CPs exist, namely, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP).

Clinicopathological Spectrum of Primary and Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with histological features varying from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs) to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDNECs). In this study, we investigated the clinicomorphological spectrum of NENs including tumor grade, site of origin, and metastasis. Methods We retrospectively studied 125 cases of NENs (at the Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi) between the years 2014 and 2020.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma; Clinicopathological spectrum of An Intriguing neoplasm.

Background & Objective: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare primary WHO Grade II astrocytic tumor comprising of < 1% of all astrocytomas. It is generally benign and slow growing however disease progression and malignant transformation with anaplastic features have been infrequently reported. Our objective was to assess clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor at our center.

Olfactory neuroblastoma: A clinicopathological experience of a rare entity from Pakistan.

Objectives: To present the clinicopathological experience of Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB) with emphasis on histopathological and immunohistochemical features.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 36 cases of ONB, selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Theses cases of ONB were retrieved and reviewed from surgical pathology database of Aga Khan University Hospital reported between January 1993 and March 2015.

Ki-67 Labeling Indices in 'Classic' versus 'Blastoid' Mantle Cell Lymphomas--Proposed Cutoff Values for Routine Diagnostic Workup.

Background: Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique entity of peripheral B-cell lymphoma that has a discrete morphologic, immunologic, and genetic phenotype, with more common 'classic' and less frequent 'blastoid' and 'pleomorphic' variants, associated with an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study was to analyze proliferation (Ki-67) indices of 'classic' (c-MCL) and 'blastoid' (b-MCL) variants of a cohort of MCL and to suggest cut off values for the Ki-67 proliferation index in these two subsets.

Materials And Methods: MCL cases diagnosed over 4 1/2 years at Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi were retrieved and reviewed.

Chondromyxoid fibroma; experience of 36 cases of an intriguing entity.

Objective: To evaluate the clinico-pathological features and treatment options of chondromyxoid fibroma patients.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, and comprised data of all cases of chondromyxoid fibroma of bone diagnosed between 1996 and 2013.The diagnosis had been made mostly histopathologically, but also included patients in whom preoperative incisional biopsies had been used.

Role of CD10 Immunohistochemical Expression in Predicting Aggressive Behavior of Phylloides Tumors.

Background: Phylloides tumors are rare breast neoplasms with a variable clinical course depending on the tumor category. Along with histologic features, the role of immunohistochemical staining has been studied in predicting their behavior.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the role of CD 10 immunohistochemical staining in predicting survival, recurrence and metastasis in phylloides tumor.

Clinical pattern and spectrum of endometrial pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in Pakistan: need to adopt a more conservative approach to treatment.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems and has remained one of the most frequent indications for hysterectomy in developing countries. Approximately in 40% of hysterectomy specimens, no definite organic pathology could be established. The problem is common worldwide but causes may vary from one region to another.

Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical experience of 12 cases.

Aim: Ovarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS) are very rare neoplasms. No large study has been performed in Pakistan to establish the clinicopathological spectrum and immunohistochemical behavior in our region. The purpose of our study was to determine the various clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of ovarian SCT-NOS along with follow-up in our institution.

Oral neurovascular hamartoma: an extraordinary verdict in the oral cavity.

The presence of a neurovascular hamartoma within the oral cavity is truly a rare entity. Scarcely reported in the literature, these hamartomas are smooth, pinkish masses and are painless, and therefore difficult to diagnose. They are benign in nature and apply pressure to their surroundings.

How our practice of histopathology, especially tumour pathology has changed in the last two decades: reflections from a major referral center in Pakistan.

Continued advances in the field of histo-pathology (and cyto-pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live.

Ovarian sex cord stromal tumours in children and young girls - a more than two decade clinicopathological experience in a developing country, Pakistan.

Background: Ovarian sex-cord stromal tumours (SCST) are rare, and relatively infrequent in children. These have to be distinguished from more common germ cell tumors in children and also from benign epithelial neoplasms.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to report the clinical and pathological findings in young patients with these tumours in our population.

Gastrointestinal, liver and biliary tract pathology: a histopathological and epidemiological perspective from Pakistan with a review of the literature.

Aim: To present an epidemiological and histological perspective of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including liver and biliary tract) at the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, AKUH, Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive endoscopic biopsies and resections between October 1 and December 31, 2012 were included.

Results: A total of 2,323 cases were included.

Academic misconduct among students in medical colleges of Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the trends of academic misconduct in undergraduate students of different private and government section medical institutes.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at three medical colleges of Karachi, Pakistan. The students were evaluated by giving a self reported questionnaire containing various questions assessing their educational dishonesty and cheating behaviors.

Clinicopathological spectrum of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors; 20 years' retrospective study in a developing country.

Background: Ovarian sex cord stromal tumors are rare neoplasms as compared to epithelial tumors. No large study has been done in Pakistan to find out the frequencies of various sex cord stromal tumors and their clinicopathological behavior in our region. The purpose of our study was to determine the various histological patterns and clinical features of ovarian sex cord stromal tumors along with follow-up in our set-up.

Prostate type epithelial polyps of urogenital tract: a series of 3 cases and literature review.

Objective: To present clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 3 cases of rare and unusual condition of urogenital tract, prostatic epithelial polyps situated in various parts of the urinary tract, with a heterogeneous presentation and a benign behavior.

Methods: Detailed data on 3 patients with polyps in the urinary tract presented from January 2008 to December 2012 were reviewed, and the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients and disease along with various diagnostic and treatment modalities were recorded.

Results: All the 3 patients were aged older than 45 years.

Spermatocytic seminoma: a 21 years' retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Background: Spermatocytic seminoma is a rare testicular germ cell tumor of old men. Accounting for 1-4% of all seminomas, spermatocytic seminomas have distinct pathogenesis, histological features, immunohistochemical profile and comparatively benign clinical behavior which distinguishes them from other germ cell tumors, especially classic seminoma.

Aims: The purposes of our study were to assess the patient demographics, pathological features and to evaluate the utility of CD 117 immunostain along with other immunohistochemical stains in distinguishing Spermatocytic seminomas from classic seminomas.

Primary hydatid cyst of the neck.

Hydatid cysts in the neck are relatively exceptional, even in areas where Echinococcus granulosis is endemic, such as Asia. Although liver and lung are frequent sites of involvement, it can involve all tissues, with neck remaining one of the most rare sites. It should come in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesion of neck, as the treatment options differ widely from common neck cysts.

Primary chondrosarcoma of breast.

Mammary sarcomas are heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms that arise from the mammary stroma. They are uncommon tumours and most of these occur as a component of other tumours. Of the malignant breast mesenchymal tumours, pure sarcomas which lack epithelial component are rarer as these comprise only 0.

Ki67 index in breast cancer: correlation with other prognostic markers and potential in pakistani patients.

Introduction: Breast cancer aggressiveness can be correlated with proliferation status of tumor cells, which can be ascertained with tumor grade and Ki67 indexing. However due to lack of reproducibility, the ASCO do not recommend routine use of Ki67 in determining prognosis in newly diagnosed breast cancers. We therefore aimed to determine associations of the Ki67 index with other prognostic markers like tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis, ER, PR and HER2neu status.