Impact and cost-effectiveness evaluation of nutritional supplementation and complementary interventions for tuberculosis treatment outcomes under mukti pay-for-performance model in Madhya Pradesh, India: A study protocol.

Background: A.

Unlabelled: "pay-for-performance" (P4P) intervention model for improved tuberculosis (TB) outcomes, called "Mukti," has been implemented in an underdeveloped tribal area of central India. The target of this project is to improve nutritional status, quality of life (QoL), and treatment outcomes of 1000 TB patients through four interventions: food baskets, personal counseling, peer-to-peer learning and facilitation for linkage to government schemes.

What is the out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines in India? An empirical assessment using a novel methodology.

The share of expenditure on medicines as part of the total out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare services has been reported to be much higher in India than in other countries. This study was conducted to ascertain the extent of this share of medicine expenditure using a novel methodology. OOP expenditure data were collected through exit interviews with 5252 out-patient department patients in three states of India.

Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India.

Background: Lack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden.

Methods: Patients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals.

Cost effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in India.

Introduction: World Health Organization has prequalified the use of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in children over six months of age in typhoid endemic countries. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of introducing TCV separately for urban and rural areas of India.

Methods: A decision analytic model was developed, using a societal perspective, to compare long-term costs and outcomes (3% discount rate) in a new-born cohort of 100,000 children immunized with or without TCV.

Geographic Inequities in Coverage of Maternal and Child health Services in Haryana State of India.

Introduction India aims to achieve universal health coverage, with a focus on equitable delivery of services. There is significant evidence on extent of inequities by income status, gender and caste. In this paper, we report geographic inequities in coverage of reproductive, maternal and child health (MCH) services in Haryana state of India.

Sub-national health accounts: Experience from Punjab State in India.

Introduction: Public health spending in India has been traditionally one of the lowest globally. Punjab is one of the states with highest proportion of out-of-pocket expenditures for healthcare in India. We undertook this study to produce the sub-national health accounts (SNHA) for Punjab state in India.

District Level Analysis of Routine Immunization in Haryana State: Implications for Mission Indradhanush under Universal Immunization Programme.

Background: The immunization coverage in India is far away from satisfactory with full immunization coverage being only 62% at national level. Targeting the intensive efforts to poor performing areas and addressing the determinants of nonimmunization and dropouts offers a quick solution. In this paper, we assess the inter-district variations in Haryana state, and the association of social determinants with partial and no immunization.

Out-of-pocket expenditure for health care: District level estimates for Haryana state in India.

Introduction: In this paper, we present district level out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures with respect to outpatient consultation within last 15 days and hospitalization in last 1 year for Haryana state.

Methods: The data from a large cross-sectional household survey covering all 21 districts of Haryana comprising of randomly selected 79 742 households were analyzed. Of the total sample, 56 056 households consisting of 314 639 individuals in 21 districts of Haryana state were surveyed to gather information on OOP expenditure incurred on outpatient consultation within last 15 days.

Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India: Extent, determinants & financial risk protection.

Background & Objectives: India aspires to achieve universal health coverage, which requires ensuring financial risk protection (FRP). This study was done to assess the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and FRP for hospitalization in Haryana State, India. Further, the determinants for FRP were also evaluated.

Quality of Health Management Information System for Maternal & Child Health Care in Haryana State, India.

Background: Despite increasing importance being laid on use of routine data for decision making in India, it has frequently been reported to be riddled with problems. Evidence suggests lack of quality in the health management information system (HMIS), however there is no robust analysis to assess the extent of its inaccuracy. We aim to bridge this gap in evidence by assessing the extent of completeness and quality of HMIS in Haryana state of India.

Coverage and Financial Risk Protection for Institutional Delivery: How Universal Is Provision of Maternal Health Care in India?

Background: India aims to achieve universal access to institutional delivery. We undertook this study to estimate the universality of institutional delivery care for pregnant women in Haryana state in India. To assess the coverage of institutional delivery, we analyze service coverage (coverage of public sector institutional delivery), population coverage (coverage among different districts and wealth quintiles of the population) and financial risk protection (catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment as a result of out-of-pocket expenditure for delivery).

Widespread inequalities in smoking & smokeless tobacco consumption across wealth quintiles in States of India: Need for targeted interventions.

Background & Objectives: India is a large country with each State having distinct social, cultural and economic characteristics. Tobacco epidemic is not uniform across the country. There are wide variations in tobacco consumption across age, sex, regions and socio-economic classes.

Wealth related inequalities in self reported morbidity: Positional objectivity or epidemiological transition?

Background & Objectives: Morbidity is self reported at a higher rate among the rich than the poor. However, objective measures suggest the contrary. We examined the role of epidemiological transition in wealth related inequalities in self-reported morbidity (SRM).

Streptococcal pharyngitis, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Eight-year prospective surveillance in Rupnagar district of Punjab, India.

Background: Rheumatic fever (RF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continue to be a neglected public health priority. We carried out a registry-based control project, prospective surveillance and sample surveys to estimate the burden of disease.

Methods: We trained healthcare providers and established a surveillance system for the 1.

Socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in India.

Background: Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity and mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help in designing targeted public health control measures.

Materials And Methods: Nationally representative data from the India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed.