Discovery of Three Effectors and Their Effect on Gene Expression in Planta.

(whitefly) is a polyphagous agroeconomic pest species complex. Two members of this species complex, Mediterranean (MED) and Middle-East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), have a worldwide distribution and have been shown to manipulate plant defenses through effectors. In this study, we used three different strategies to identify three MEAM1 proteins that can act as effectors.

Interaction of Whitefly Effector G4 with Tomato Proteins Impacts Whitefly Performance.

The phloem-feeding insect is an important pest, responsible for the transmission of several crop-threatening virus species. While feeding, the insect secretes a cocktail of effectors to modulate plant defense responses. Here, we present a set of proteins identified in an artificial diet on which was salivating.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase OsMEK2 and OsMPK1 Signaling Is Required for Ferroptotic Cell Death in Rice- Interactions.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is required for plant cell death responses to invading microbial pathogens. Iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ferroptotic cell death occurs in rice () during an incompatible rice- interaction. Here, we show that rice MAP kinase (OsMEK2 and OsMPK1) signaling cascades are involved in iron- and ROS-dependent ferroptotic cell death responses of rice to infection using knock-out mutant and and overexpression rice plants.

Spotlight on the Roles of Whitefly Effectors in Insect-Plant Interactions.

The species complex (whitefly) causes enormous agricultural losses. These phloem-feeding insects induce feeding damage and transmit a wide range of dangerous plant viruses. Whiteflies colonize a broad range of plant species that appear to be poorly defended against these insects.

Focal Accumulation of ROS Can Block Effector BAS4-Expression and Prevent Infection in Rice.

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is the most common plant immunity mechanism to prevent pathogen infection, although the exact role of ROS in plant immunity has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the expression and translocation of respiratory burst oxidase homologue B (OsRBOHB) during compatible and incompatible interactions between rice epidermal cells and the pathogenic fungus (syn. ).

Iron- and Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Ferroptotic Cell Death in Rice- Interactions.

Hypersensitive response (HR) cell death is the most effective plant immune response restricting fungal pathogen invasion. Here, we report that incompatible rice () interactions induce iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ferroptotic cell death in rice cells. Ferric ions and ROS (i.

RSL Class II Transcription Factors Guide the Nuclear Localization of RHL1 to Regulate Root Hair Development.

Root hairs are important for absorption of nutrients and water from the rhizosphere. The Root Hair Defective-Six Like (RSL) Class II family of transcription factors is expressed preferentially in root hairs and has a conserved role in root hair development in land plants. We functionally characterized the seven members of the RSL Class II subfamily in the rice () genome.

Visualization of Multicolored in vivo Organelle Markers for Co-Localization Studies in Oryza sativa.

Eukaryotic cells consist of a complex network of thousands of proteins present in different organelles where organelle-specific cellular processes occur. Identification of the subcellular localization of a protein is important for understanding its potential biochemical functions. In the post-genomic era, localization of unknown proteins is achieved using multiple tools including a fluorescent-tagged protein approach.

Magnaporthe oryzae Effector AVR-Pii Helps to Establish Compatibility by Inhibition of the Rice NADP-Malic Enzyme Resulting in Disruption of Oxidative Burst and Host Innate Immunity.

Plant disease resistance occurs as a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of attempted pathogen invasion. This specific event is initiated in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and subsequent PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI mechanisms are tightly connected with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disease resistance that involves distinct biphasic ROS production as one of its pivotal plant immune responses.

Yeast two-hybrid system for dissecting the rice MAPK interactome.

Protein-protein interactions are a preliminary but fundamental key to many biological systems. Identification of proteins that interact with particular bait not only contributes to a deeper understanding of bait protein function but also provides much information for the discovery of larger-scale interaction networks (interactome). Therefore, protein-protein interaction mapping is regarded as a widely accepted standardized functional genomics technique that provides comprehensive functional interpretation of previously uncharacterized proteins.

Protein interactome analysis of 12 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in rice using a yeast two-hybrid system.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is composed at least of MAP3K (for MAPK kinase kinase), MAP2K, and MAPK family modules. These components together play a central role in mediating extracellular signals to the cell and vice versa by interacting with their partner proteins. However, the MAP3K-interacting proteins remain poorly investigated in plants.