Massive Thymic Hyperplasia Masquerading as Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A 34-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain, chest pressure, weight loss, and tachycardia was found to have an 11.4-cm anterior mediastinal mass associated with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy on chest computed tomography (Fig. 1).

Mutations Are Rare and Diverse in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Objectives: To investigate and characterize mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we present three cases with diverse mutations and review the literature.

Methods: The institutional SoftPath software was used to find MDS cases between January 2020 and April 2022. The cases with a diagnosis of a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndrome including MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis were excluded.

Extended B-cell depletion beyond 6-months in patients receiving ocrelizumab or rituximab for CNS demyelinating disease.

Objectives: To investigate the duration of B-cell depletion in a cohort of patients receiving ocrelizumab or rituximab for multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Methods: We retrospectively searched our database for patients diagnosed with MS or NMOSD, who were receiving ocrelizumab or rituximab and had available CD19 measurements. We collected demographic data, infusion doses, infusion dates, CD19 absolute counts and percentages, and their collection dates.

Role of CD68 immunohistochemistry in categorizing benign nonmesothelial cell population and refining "atypical" category in serous fluid cytology.

Background: Body fluids are rich in histiocytes and may mimic atypical epithelial cells morphologically. Histiocytes can pose a significant challenge in serous fluid cytology as they tend to appear atypical due to prolonged accumulation in serous fluids in vivo and processing by liquid-based cytology in vitro. Not many studies have documented the utilization of histiocytic marker such as CD68 in serous fluid cytology, which can subsequently reduce the "atypical" diagnostic category.

New/Revised Entities in Gastrointestinal Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

The gastrointestinal tract is a common extranodal site of involvement by lymphomas. These may be diagnostically challenging because they can mimic a variety of benign conditions and may be difficult to subclassify when malignant. The classification of gastrointestinal lymphomas is an evolving area with some recent changes.

Concordant clear cell "mesonephric" carcinoma of the bladder and lung adenocarcinoma with clear cell features - multiple primaries versus metastatic neoplasms: a case report.

Background: Clear cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare variant of urinary bladder adenocarcinoma. We report a case of a patient with clear cell carcinoma of the bladder and a concordant right upper lobe pulmonary adenocarcinoma with clear cell features, and we address the role of immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analysis in distinguishing the two primary malignancies.

Case Presentation: Our patient was a 59-year-old African American woman who presented with hematuria.

Biofilm Formation on Bandage Contact Lenses Worn by Patients with the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis: A Pilot Comparison Study of Prophylactic Topical Vancomycin 15 mg/mL and Linezolid 0.2.

Objectives: To determine the rate of biofilm formation on bandage contact lenses worn by patients with the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (K-Pro) while on prophylactic topical vancomycin versus linezolid.

Methods: Patients wearing a bandage contact lens (BCL) with a K-Pro were eligible for enrollment. After irrigation of the ocular surface with 5% povidone-iodine solution, each patient was placed on either topical vancomycin 15 mg/mL or linezolid 0.

Evaluation of Accessory Lacrimal Gland in Muller's Muscle Conjunctival Resection Specimens for Precursor Cell Markers and Biological Markers of Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: The accessory lacrimal glands (ALGs) are an understudied component of the tear functional unit, even though they are important in the development of dry eye syndrome (DES). To advance our understanding of aging changes, regenerative potential, and histologic correlates to human characteristics, we investigated human ALG tissue from surgical samples to determine the presence or absence of progenitor cell markers and lacrimal epithelial markers and to correlate marker expression to relevant patient characteristics.

Materials And Methods: ALG tissues obtained from Muller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) specimens were created using tissue microarrays (TMAs).

Histatin-1 Expression in Human Lacrimal Epithelium.

Background: Study of human lacrimal cell biology is limited by poor access to tissue samples, heterogeneous cell composition of tissue and a lack of established lacrimal epithelial markers. In order to further our understanding of lacrimal cell biology, we sought to find a better marker for human lacrimal epithelial cells, compared to what has been reported in the literature.

Methods: We utilized human Muller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) specimens containing accessory lacrimal gland (ALG) and cadaveric main lacrimal gland (MLG) as sources of lacrimal tissue.

Bacteria Colonizing the Ocular Surface in Eyes With Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis: Analysis of Biofilm-Forming Capability and Vancomycin Tolerance.

Purpose: To analyze the bacterial microbiota colonizing the ocular surface of patients with Boston type 1 keratoprostheses (K-Pros) for antibacterial resistance patterns and capacity to form biofilms.

Methods: Twenty-seven eyes with a Boston type 1 K-Pro and 16 fellow control eyes from 26 patients were enrolled. The surface of the K-Pro optic and/or the inferior conjunctival fornix was swabbed and plated separately on culture media.

Symptom burden of patients with dry eye disease: a four domain analysis.

Purpose: To determine which sensory (symptom persistence and intensity) and reactive (activity and affective interference) domains of symptom analysis are essential for assessing symptom burden in dry eye disease (DED) patients.

Methods: A symptom domain tool was developed to investigate all four symptom domains in DED. In a cross-sectional pilot study, we administered the symptom burden tool and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire to 48 DED patients.

Tear fluid extracellular DNA: diagnostic and therapeutic implications in dry eye disease.

Purpose: To determine the abundance of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in tear fluid of patients with dry eye disease (DED) and to report clinical outcomes after DNase I eyedrops use to reduce excessive tear fluid eDNA.

Methods: Tear fluid was collected from healthy control subjects and patients with DED. The eDNA abundance was determined with the PicoGreen dye assay.

CD11b+GR1+ myeloid cells secrete NGF and promote trigeminal ganglion neurite growth: implications for corneal nerve regeneration.

Purpose: We characterized fluorescent bone marrow cells (YFP(+) BMCs) in the thy1-YFP mouse and determine if they promote trigeminal ganglion (TG) cell neurite growth.

Methods: Excimer laser annular keratectomy was performed in thy1-YFP mice, and corneas were imaged. BMCs were harvested from femur and tibia, and the expression of surface markers on YFP(+) BMCs was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Ocular surface extracellular DNA and nuclease activity imbalance: a new paradigm for inflammation in dry eye disease.

Purpose: We determined whether nucleases are deficient in the tear fluid of dry eye disease (DED) patients, and whether this causes extracellular DNA (eDNA) and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) accumulation in the precorneal tear film, thus causing ocular surface inflammation.

Methods: Exfoliated cells adhered to Schirmer test strips were collected on glass slides, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to evaluate neutrophils, eDNA, NETs, and their molecular components. Similar experiments were performed with mucoid films collected from the inferior conjunctival fornix or bulbar conjunctiva.