Nascent Transcript Sequencing for the Mapping of Promoters in Arabidopsis thaliana Mitochondria.

Knowledge of mitochondrial transcription start sites and promoter sequences is key to understanding mechanisms of transcription initiation in plant mitochondria. Transcription start sites can be straightforwardly determined by the mapping of primary transcript 5' ends. This chapter describes a next-generation sequencing-based protocol for the mitochondrial genome-wide mapping of transcription start sites in Arabidopsis thaliana.

β-Hexosaminidases Along the Secretory Pathway of Have Distinct Specificities Toward Engineered Helminth N-Glycans on Recombinant Glycoproteins.

Secretions of parasitic worms (helminths) contain a wide collection of immunomodulatory glycoproteins with the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, like autoimmune diseases. Yet, the identification of single molecules that can be developed into novel biopharmaceuticals is hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. Recently, pioneering work has shown that helminth glycoproteins can be produced transiently in plants while simultaneously mimicking their native helminth N-glycan composition by co-expression of desired glycosyltransferases.