[Physical and mechanical properties of materials used in the technology of computer production of surgical templates].

Objective: The physical and mechanical properties of samples printed from different materials subjected to post-processing in a clinic were evaluated.

Material And Methods: Studied hardness and modulus of elasticity before and after sterilization by autoclaving. Based on the analysis of the literature and monitoring of the dental materials market, our choice fell on the most popular materials for 3D printing of surgical templates for dental implantation, such as: material 1 (FormLabs Dental SG Resin (Formlabs, USA)) and material 2 (NextDent SG (NextDent, Netherlands)).

Preparing, handling, and applying caged compound solutions for acousto-optical deflector-based patterned uncaging with ultraviolet light.

The method of patterned photoactivation is a natural fit for the study of neuronal dendritic integration. Photoactivatable molecules that influence a wide range of extracellular and intracellular neurophysiological functions are available. The choice of photosensitive molecules depends on the research question and will influence the design of the experimental apparatus.

Construction, alignment, and implementation of an acousto-optical deflector-based system for patterned uncaging with ultraviolet light.

The method of patterned photoactivation is a natural fit for the study of neuronal dendritic integration. Photoactivatable molecules that influence a wide range of extracellular and intracellular neurophysiological functions are available. The choice of photosensitive molecules depends on the research question and will influence the design of the experimental apparatus.

Order-dependent coincidence detection in cerebellar Purkinje neurons at the inositol trisphosphate receptor.

Associative long-term depression (LTD) at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is sensitive to the temporal order in which the parallel fiber is coactivated with the climbing fiber input, but how order sensitivity is achieved is unknown. Here we show that the cerebellar inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, whose activation is required for LTD induction, is sensitive in situ to the order of presentation of its coagonists, IP3 and cytoplasmic calcium. By focally photolyzing a novel caged IP3 compound in dendritic spines, we find that pairing IP3 with climbing fiber-mediated calcium entry leads to a large calcium release transient if the climbing fiber is activated up to 100 ms before or up to 500 ms after IP3 uncaging.

Synapse specificity of calcium release probed by chemical two-photon uncaging of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

Biological messengers can be "caged" by adding a single photosensitive group that can be photolyzed by a light flash to achieve spatially and temporally precise biochemical control. Here we report that photolysis of a double-caged form of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) triggers focal calcium release in Purkinje cell somata, dendrites, and spines as measured by two-photon microscopy. In calbindin knock-out Purkinje cells, peak calcium increased with flash energy with higher cooperativity for double-caged IP3 than for conventional single-caged IP3, consistent with a chemical two-photon effect.

Alignment and calibration of a focal neurotransmitter uncaging system.

Photolysis of caged compounds is a powerful tool for studying subcellular physiological functions. Here we describe protocols for the alignment and calibration of a focal uncaging system. We also report procedures for convenient quantitative calibration of uncaging.

Rapid neurotransmitter uncaging in spatially defined patterns.

Light-sensitive 'caged' molecules provide a means of rapidly and noninvasively manipulating biochemical signals with submicron spatial resolution. Here we describe a new optical system for rapid uncaging in arbitrary patterns to emulate complex neural activity. This system uses TeO(2) acousto-optical deflectors to steer an ultraviolet beam rapidly and can uncage at over 20,000 locations per second.

In vivo calcium imaging of circuit activity in cerebellar cortex.

In vivo two-photon calcium imaging provides the opportunity to monitor activity in multiple components of neural circuitry at once. Here we report the use of bulk-loading of fluorescent calcium indicators to record from axons, dendrites, and neuronal cell bodies in cerebellar cortex in vivo. In cerebellar folium crus IIa of anesthetized rats, we imaged the labeled molecular layer and identified all major cellular structures: Purkinje cells, interneurons, parallel fibers, and Bergmann glia.

The tetrameric molecule of conventional kinesin contains identical light chains.

Conventional kinesin is a multifunctional motor protein that transports numerous organelles along microtubules. The specificity of kinesin-cargo binding is thought to depend on the type(s) of light chains that a kinesin molecule contains. We have shown previously that different isoforms of kinesin light chains are associated with different types of cargo, mitochondria and membranes of the Golgi complex.

[Ten-year activities of the Faculty for Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].

With the assistance and direct participation of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy has developed and introduced an unique elitist educational system to train of scientific and pedagogical staff at the pre- and postdiploma training stages on the basis of their close relationships and continuity, within whose framework a specially designed faculty has been successfully operating for 10 years.

[Surgical sepsis-definition of the notion. Problems of terminology].

The problems of terminology are discussed, as well as classification and definition of sepsis. Comparative analysis of traditional for our country and up-to-date foreign classifications is carried out. The criteria for diagnosis of sepsis are discussed.

[General pathology--an independent medical discipline].

Recognition of general pathology as an independent discipline is urgent at this stage of medical science development. Its contents are basic rules of the origin, development and outcomes of human diseases. It is desirable to organize in the medical schools chairs (courses) of general pathology as an supradiscipline subject the knowledge of which is necessary to the wide circle of students, interns, physicians of all specialties.

[Epithelial tumors of the thymus gland].

A classification of thymomas is proposed based on rich authors' material. The classification allows one to reveal correlations between the malignancy grade, clinical manifestations and postoperative prognosis.

[Current trends in the development of general pathology].

The author holds that the achievements of molecular biology and pathology should not contradict conventional concepts about the body as a whole system in which all particular processes are controlled by the regulatory systems at various levels of organization. Only such an approach may ensure a fruitful development of general pathology as a theoretical basis of medicine. Teaching general pathology as an independent discipline in the system of medical education is proposed.