Sex, Atrial Fibrillation, and Long-Term Mortality After Cardiac Surgery.

Importance: There are limited data on the association of sex with the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (poAF) and subsequent long-term mortality after cardiac surgery.

Objective: To evaluate whether the incidence of poAF and associated long-term mortality after cardiac surgery differ by sex.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care centers in Massachusetts from January 1, 2002, until October 1, 2016, with follow-up until December 1, 2022.

Comparison between barbed and conventional sutures for longitudinal thelotomy closure in an bovine model.

Objective: To determine differences in suture time and bursting strength on a longitudinal thelotomy closure using innovative barbed conventional smooth suture materials.

Sample Population: Twenty-four teats from 6 udders of culled beef cows.

Study Design: Experimental surgical study.

Age Bias in the Workplace: Cultural Stereotypes and In-Group Favoritism.

Two key theoretical frameworks that explain why people might hold biases for or against a specific age group-cultural stereotypes and in-group favoritism-yield distinct and sometimes contradictory predictions. This study proposes a combined framework drawing on these two theories and then tests hypotheses based on this framework in the workplace context. Using survey data from U.

Using a micro-level model to generate a macro-level model of productive successful aging.

Purpose Of The Study: Aging successfully entails good physical and cognitive health, as well as ongoing participation in social and productive activity. This study hones in on participation in productive activity, a factor that makes an important contribution to successful aging. One conceptual model of productive activity in later life specifies the antecedents and consequences of productivity.

Analysis of Adverse Events Associated With Adult Moderate Procedural Sedation Outside the Operating Room.

Introduction: Moderate sedation outside the operating room is performed for a variety of medical and surgical procedures. It involves the administration of different drug combinations by nonanesthesia professionals. Few data exist on risk stratification and patient outcomes in the adult population.

Causal effects of retirement timing on subjective physical and emotional health.

Objectives: This article explores the effects of the timing of retirement on subjective physical and emotional health. Using panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we test 4 theory-based hypotheses about these effects-that retirements maximize health when they happen earlier, later, anytime, or on time.

Method: We employ fixed and random effects regression models with instrumental variables to estimate the short- and long-term causal effects of retirement timing on self-reported health and depressive symptoms.

Affective interactions in medical visits: ethnic differences among American Indian older adults.

Objective: Investigate influence of ethnicity on older American Indian patients' interpretations of providers' affective behaviors.

Method: Using data from 115 older American Indian patients, random effects ordered logit models related patient ratings of providers' respect, empathy, and rapport first to separate measures of American Indian and White American ethnicity, then to "ethnic discordance," or difference between providers' and patients' cultural characteristics.

Results: In models accounting for patients' ethnicity only, high scores for American Indian ethnicity were linked to reduced evaluations for providers' respect; high scores on White ethnicity were associated with elevated ratings for empathy and rapport.

[Features of eosinophilic pneumonia course in the outpatient setting].

Simple eosinophilic pneumonia (Luffler's syndrome) is combination of "volatile" infiltrates, independently passing during one month and detecting only in chest organs roentgenography; often pass symptomless. There is a mild eosinophilia in the blood. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is an antipode of simple eosinophilic pneumonia, has a clinical course with acute respiratory failure, pulmonary destruction, high eosinophilia and favorable prognosis under conditions of treatment with glucocorticoids.

Perceptions of medical interactions between healthcare providers and American Indian older adults.

Cultural competence models assume that culture affects medical encounters, yet little research uses objective measures to examine how this may be true. Do providers and racial/ethnic minority patients interpret the same interactions similarly or differently? How might patterns of provider-patient concordance and discordance vary for patients with different cultural characteristics? We collected survey data from 115 medical visits with American Indian older adults at a clinic operated by the Cherokee Nation (in Northeastern Oklahoma, USA), asking providers and patients to evaluate nine affective and instrumental interactions. Examining data from the full sample, we found that provider and patient ratings were significantly discordant for all interactions (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Study of volatile fatty acids in the blood of patients with periodic disease].

Microecological "failures" are an important pathogenetic factor of different diseases and, in the authors' opinion, periodic disease (PD) is one of them. PD is a recessive disease characterized by fever attacks and neutrophil-mediated serous inflammation. A genetic factor has been established to be responsible for half the cases of PD, the influence of non-hereditary factors, particularly a role of the host automicroflora in the genesis of an inflammatory process, has been little studied.

Cultural identities and perceptions of health among health care providers and older American Indians.

Background: Differences in provider-patient health perceptions have been associated with poor patient outcomes, but little is known about how patients' cultural identities may be related to discordant perceptions.

Objective: To examine whether health care providers and American-Indian patients disagreed on patient health status ratings, and how differences related to these patients' strength of affiliation with American-Indian and white-American cultural identities.

Design: Survey of patients and providers following primary care office visits.

[The limbical mechanisms of regulations of respiratory neurons in hypoxia conditions].

The structures of limbic system have great integration in vegetative reactions. In the oxygen deficiency conditions we studied influence of irritation of limbical cortex, orbitofrontal cortes, hipotalamys, septum and hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 areas) on the impulse activity of respiratory neurons. Phases of hypoxia were the model of experiment.

[New Mn-chelates are radioprotectors and antioxidants for cells in vitro].

Earlier we have synthesized new Mn-chelates (Mn-compexes of ethyl ethers of salicyliden-D, L-tyrosine, -gamma-amino butyric acid and -D, L-tryptophan) bearing several free functional groups. The radioprotective and antioxidant activity of these compounds were tested on the secondary cultures of chick embryo cells. To this end the cells in vitro were gamma-irradiated with 60Co at the doses 40 and 60 Gy or treated with H2O2 at the concentration 3 mmol/l, the new Mn-chelates were added into the cultures, and the number of survived cells was determined in 24 hours.

[Spontaneous unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons after destruction of some nuclei of the medulla oblongata].

Bilateral lesions of the nuclei prepositus hypoglossi produced a more than twofold decrease in the mean frequency discharges in the neurons of the nucleus coeruleus. The number of neurons with burst activity and the number of polymodal neurons substantially increased. Lesion of the nucleus tractus solitarius resulted in an increase in the number of neurons with regular activity and certain decrease in the mean discharge frequency of coeruleus neurons.

[Response of respiratory neurons of the medulla oblongata to the septum stimulation in hypoxia].

In the oxygen deficiency conditions, we studied influence of irritation of ventral (BNST), lateral (LSN) and medial (MSN) nuclei of the septum on the impulse activity of the bulbar respiratory neurons and on respiration. Phases of hypoxia were the model of experiment. In conditions of normal atmospheric pressure, the electrical stimulation of BNST, LSN and MSN nuclei of the septum exerted inhibiting as well as activating influence with the inhibiting influence prevailing.

[Pathological types of breathing during acute hypoxia].

Different breathing pathologies (apneusis, gasping, Cheyne-Stokes breathing and Kussmaul breathing) were observed in anaesthetized rabbits and rats exposed to hypoxia at the altitude of 7500-8000 meters. Dominance of the high-voltage slow EKG activity (the delta-wave type) suggested deterioration of the brain functioning. Registration of impulse activities of the inspiration and expiration breathing neurons in medulla oblongata revealed a higher tolerance of the inspiration neurons to severe hypoxia which is attributed to the metabolic specifics and functional heterogeneity of these neurons.

[Conjugative plasmids of Salmonella strains resistant to antibiotics].

Plasmid DNA profile and conjugative R-plasmids were detected in Salmonella clinical isolates. The study revealed that drug resistance of Salmonella clinical strains of different serovars was determined by R-plasmids with a mol. wt.

[The spectrum and level of low-weight molecular compounds of microbial origin in familial Mediterranean fever].

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a disease whose etiopathogenesis is not clarified yet. The infectious theory of FMF has not been confirmed either. Nevertheless, the involvement of microbes in the trigger of an inflammatory process cannot be excluded since today's well-known pathogenetic processes in FMF are to be directly related to the key cells of an inflammatory response.

[Effect of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus on the respiratory neurons from medulla oblongata and the rat respiration during hypoxia].

In the normal as well as in the oxygen deficiency conditions the research has been conducted to study the influence of associative mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of thalamus on impulsive activity of respiratory neurons of medulla oblongata of respiration. In conditions of normal atmospheric pressure, before the uplift of the animals, the electrical stimulation of MD of nucleus of thalamus has had mainly inhibiting influence. In the initial phase, on 4-5 thousand meter altitude, activation of frequent discharge of neurons occurred, the respiration has become frequent as well.

[Involvement of central and peripheral cholinergic structures in regulation of cerebral electric activity and cardiac function in rabbits during hypoxia].

In the normoxic conditions, prior to the "ascent" of rabbits, the i.v. injection of M-choline blocking benactyzine slowed down the ECG rhythm already within the next few minutes.

[Intercellular contacts accelerate the growth of cell colonies in a chick embryo cell culture].

In sparsely seeded (1.10(3) cells/sm2) chick embryo cell cultures no cell proliferation commonly occurs. However, such factors as increasing cell density, a conditioned medium, or addition of ethanol fixed homologous cells to the culture may accelerate the cell growth.

[The influence of the limbic cortex and hypothalamus on the impulse activity of the bulbar respiratory neurons and on respiration under hypoxia].

The response of bulbar respiratory neurons and the total inspiration to stimulation of the limbic cortex and hypothalamus was not identical as a result of different sensitivity of the studied structures. The hypothalamus exerts mainly facilitating influence both in norm and at the maximal altitude (7500-8000 m). The limbic cortex exerts mainly inhibitory influence.

[Cortical and thalamic regulating mechanisms of the pulse neuron activity of oblongata medulla respiration center of the rats in normal condition and during hypoxia].

In normoxia, the orbitofrontal cortex and thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) basically inhibit the pulse activity of bulbar respiratory neurons and respiration in general. During initial hypoxia (4,000-5,000 m) a slight reduction of PO2 in the inspired air increases excitability of all the brain structures including those under study. However, strengthening of the orbitofrontal cortex and MDN inhibitory effect was leveled down by activizing brain structures, and the direct exciting effect of reduced PO2 on peripheral and central chemoreceptors.

[The effect of stimulation of the orbitofrontal cortex on the activity of the bulbar respiratory neurons and on respiration in normal rats and in hypoxia].

Stimulation of the orbito-frontal cortex inhibited activity of bulbar expiratory, inspiratory and reticular (non-respiratory) neurons. The first phase of hypoxia generated facilitatory influence of cerebral activating structures, whereas the second phase led to a contrary effect (depression). Subcortical activating structures, however, retained some of their facilitatory influence thus maintaining the oxygen homeostasis of the organism.

[The role of the limbic cortex in regulating the neuronal impulse activity of the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata under conditions of oxygen deficiency].

Complex action of hypoxia and electrostimulation of the limbic cortex on unit activity of bulbar respiratory neurons was studied. Under normal barometric pressure the influence of the limbic electrostimulation on activity of bulbar respiratory neurons was ambiguous, i.e.