Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known to infect humans for eons. It is an airborne infectious disease transmitted through droplet nuclei of 1 to 5 µm in diameter. Historically, tuberculosis (TB) was considered a distinct condition characterized by TB infection and active TB disease.

SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant: a short review.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving continuously, and many variants have been detected over the last few years. SARS-CoV-2, as an RNA virus, is more prone to mutating.

Combined Metronomic Chemo-immunotherapy (CMCI) in Head and Neck Cancers-An Experience from a Developing Country.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have proven to be inherently resistant to systemic treatments as a result of histological, molecular, and etiological heterogeneity, with limited responses seen after second-line therapy and beyond. With limited treatment options after progression on systemic chemotherapy in HNSCCs, immunotherapy has a role to play with improved results. In this prospective, observational, non-randomized, open-label study, a total of 12 patients with advanced, relapsed, or metastatic HNSCC received Inj.

Vocal resonance: a narrative review.

Physical examination is an important ritual of bedside medicine that establishes a strong bond between the patient and the physician. It provides practice to acquire important diagnostic skills. A poorly executed bedside examination may result in the wrong diagnosis and adverse outcomes.

A case report of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by the deposition of calcium phosphate microliths in the alveoli. PAM has been reported in all continents and there is often a familial history. There is clinical-radiological dissociation as there is often a paucity of symptoms in contrast to the imaging findings.

Isolated trigeminal neuralgia: An early weird presentation of carcinoma breast.

We report an interesting case of a 52-year-old postmenopausal female who presented with a 2-month history of headache, tingling sensation, and sharp shooting pain over the left face, followed by left facial paresthesia with pain over the maxillary region. Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed presence of enplaque altered signal intensity soft-tissue lesion along the left 5 nerve from its origin at pons, and positron emission tomography with concurrent computed tomography showed a 2.9 cm × 2.

Oxygen-induced hypercapnia: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications.

Oxygen is probably the most commonly prescribed drug in the emergency setting and is a life-saving modality as well. However, like any other drug, oxygen therapy may also lead to various adverse effects. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may develop hypercapnia during supplemental oxygen therapy, particularly if uncontrolled.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a review.

The virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the genus Beta coronavirus and the family Coronaviridae. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a positive sense, non-segmented single-strand RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is now a worldwide pandemic.

Effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged giant unilamellar vesicles.

We investigated the effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). GUVs were prepared from 40 mol% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) and 60 mol% of 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipids. Pulsed electric field was applied to the 40%DOPG/60%DOPC-GUVs and it induced lateral electric tension (σ) in the membranes of vesicles.

Use of flow volume curve to evaluate large airway obstruction.

The flow volume loop (FVL) is a graphic display of airflow against lung volumes at different levels obtained during the maximum inspiratory and expiratory maneuver. It is a simple and reproducible method of lung function assessment. A narrative review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

A case report of pleuro-pericardial effusion in a patient on hemodialysis and a cardiac pacemaker.

There are multiple causes of pleuro-pericardial effusion (PPEF) and more so in a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is a loosely defined term for occurrence of pericardial and/or pleural effusion (PLEF), low-grade fever, with or without systemic upset, which occurs after myocardial infarction (MI), and other cardiac interventions. PPEF is one of its salient manifestations.

Effects of osmotic pressure on the irreversible electroporation in giant lipid vesicles.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal tumor/cell ablation technique in which a series of high-voltage short pulses are used. As a new approach, we aimed to investigate the rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using the IRE technique under different osmotic pressures (Π), and estimated the membrane tension due to Π. Two categories of GUVs were used in this study.

Maxillary bone metastasis, as an early sign of breast cancer; an unusual & rare site of metastasis from the common cancer.

Oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Due to their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance, metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge. In this article we present a rare, unusual & exceptional case of left maxillary mass which on further evaluation leading to diagnosis of left breast carcinoma with metastasis to isolated left maxillary bone.

The AGE-RAGE Axis and RAGE Genetics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous group of lung diseases limiting the airflow due to narrowing of airways, chronic bronchitis and emphysema that leads to difficulties in breathing. Chronic inflammation is another important characteristic of COPD which leads to immune cell infiltration and helps in the alveolar destruction. Pathology of COPD is driven by various environmental and genetic factors.

Proximal Descending Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Pott's Spine.

Tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta is quite rare, life-threatening, and fatal if not diagnosed in time. This lesion exposes patients to a very high risk of unpredictable rupture. We describe a case of tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the aorta in association with tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's spine).

Electrostatic effects on the electrical tension-induced irreversible pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new technique in which a series of short pulses with high frequency electrical energy is applied on the targeted regions of cells or vesicles for their destruction or rupture formation. IRE induces lateral tension in the membranes of vesicles. We have investigated the electrostatic interaction effects on the constant electrical tension-induced rate constant of irreversible pore formation in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs).

COVID-19: a review.

The enduring epidemic outbreak which started in Wuhan city of China, in December 2019 caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a dangerous and deadly Public Health disaster of International apprehension, with cases confirmed in several countries. This novel community health trouble is frightening the universe with clinical, psychological, emotional, collapse of health system and economical slowdown in each and every part of the world infecting nearly 200 countries. A highly virulent and pathogenic COVID-19 viral infection with incubation period ranging from two to fourteen days, transmitted by breathing of infected droplets or contact with infected droplets, belongs to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Coronaviridae.

Role of Various DW MRI and DCE MRI Parameters as Predictors of Malignancy in Solid Pulmonary Lesions.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate various diffusion and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) parameters in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary lesions.

Methods: We enrolled 31 (22 males) patients who had solid pulmonary lesion(s) >2 cm in our cross sectional study. Of these, 23 (74.

Intraconal Metastasis Leading to Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commontumor of the liver and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patients with HCC may have metastasis to different sites. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases are found in (~50-75%).

Isolated acrometastasis: A rare presenting feature of endometrial carcinoma.

The most common presenting feature of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is abnormal uterine bleeding. Bone metastasis, as a presenting feature of EC, is very unusual which is usually restricted to pelvis and vertebrae. The occurrence of foot metastasis is exceedingly rare.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Single Center Experience.

Purpose: The aim of the current work was to report the effect of imatinib on pregnancy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: Data were collected between January 1998 and December 2014. One hundred four patients met inclusion criteria, and we report the results of 104 pregnancies-conceived by the participant or partner-while being on imatinib therapy for CML.