Dietary Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds oil supplementation augments growth performance and gut microbial composition in Labeo rohita fingerlings.

The present study investigates the supplemental effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on the growth performance and modulation of intestinal microbiota in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of CSO: 1.0%, 2.

Assessment of fish habitat suitability in the wake of elevated pollution of a tropical river in India.

Evaluating fish habitat suitability (FHS) is of utmost importance in the present times, as rising pollution and ecological stress have led to the deterioration of their habitat and population. The present study has evaluated ecological water quality using the comprehensive pollution index (CPI), eutrophication index (EI), and organic pollution index (OPI). Fish community structure has been assessed based on tropic level score (TLC) and habitat orientation score (HOS).

An assessment of the influence of trade-off optimization in commercial knowledge based planning library creation for tongue cancer patients.

This article aims to compare the dosimetric performance between knowledge-based plan (KBP) libraries with and without trade-off (TO) exploration using multicriterial optimization (MCO) for tongue cancer patients. The trade-off optimized library (KBP_MCO) contains a minimal number of constituent plans, whereas two nontrade-off optimized libraries contain a minimal and a large number of treatment plans, respectively. Three KBP libraries were created: KBP_100 and KBP_20, each comprising of 100 and 20 manually optimized plans, respectively.

A novel C-4-modified isotetrone acts as a potent bio-enhancer to augment the activities of anti-tuberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a deadly pathogen that claims millions of lives every year. Current research focuses on finding new anti-tuberculosis drugs that are safe and effective, with lesser side effects and toxicity. One important approach is to identify bio-enhancers that can improve the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis drugs, resulting in reduced doses and shortened treatment times.

The dosimetric impact of trade-off optimization in high-quality Craniospinal Irradiation plans based on volumetric modulated arc therapy technique.

This study assesses the dosimetric effectiveness of the commercial trade-off optimization (TO) module in comparison to iterative optimization for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in craniospinal irradiation technique.Fifteen patients who had previously undergone VMAT-based craniospinal irradiation (CSI) using manual optimization (TP) underwent re-optimization with trade-off optimization (MCO). All patients were treated using the Halcyon-E O-ring linear accelerator, with maximum field size of 28×28 cm², a 6MV unflattened beam, and adjacent isocenter field overlap of 10 cm.

Biofabricated nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture: insights, challenges and prospects.

One ever-evolving and ever-demanding critical human endeavour is the provision of food security for the growing world population. This can be done by adopting sustainable agriculture through horizontal (expanding the arable land area) and vertical (intensifying agriculture through sound technological approaches) interventions. Customized formulated nanomaterials have numerous advantages.

Speciation-specific chromium bioaccumulation and detoxification in fish using hydrogel microencapsulated biogenic nanosilver and zeolite synergizing with biomarkers.

Grass carp intestinal waste-mediated biosynthesized nanosilver (AgNPs) was valorized using guaran and zeolite matrices, resulting in AgNPs-guaran, AgNPs-zeolite, and AgNPs-guaran -zeolite composites. The valorized products were examined using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray Diffraction analysis to confirm uniform dispersion and entrapment of AgNPs within the matrixes. These valorized products were evaluated for their efficacy in detoxifying the ubiquitous and toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr) in aquatic environments, with Anabas testudineus exposed to 2 mg l of Cr for 60 days.

Observation of 2D-magnesium-intercalated gallium nitride superlattices.

Since the demonstration of p-type gallium nitride (GaN) through doping with substitutional magnesium (Mg) atoms, rapid and comprehensive developments, such as blue light-emitting diodes, have considerably shaped our modern lives and contributed to a more carbon-neutral society. However, the details of the interplay between GaN and Mg have remained largely unknown. Here we observe that Mg-intercalated GaN superlattices can form spontaneously by annealing a metallic Mg film on GaN at atmospheric pressure.

Assessing river water quality for ecological risk in the context of a decaying river in India.

The decay of rivers and river water pollution are common problems worldwide. However, many works have been performed on decaying rivers in India, and the status of the water quality is still unknown in Jalangi River. To this end, the present study intends to examine the water quality of the Jalangi River to assess ecological status in both the spatial and seasonal dimensions.

Double Regioselective Thermal Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition of 1,3-Diynes.

A double regioselective cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-diynes with azide is reported to synthesize fully substituted 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles without any catalyst, metal, or other factor. Computational studies revealed that the 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazole derivative is both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable irrespective of the nature of the substituents at the alkyne termini in 1,3-diynes. The simplicity of the reaction, extremely high regioselectivity under metal-free conditions, wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields might inspire further studies of the cycloaddition of 1,3-diynes in addition to click chemistry.

Determining the library size for the optimal output plan in the RapidPlan knowledge-based planning system using multicriteria optimization.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the number of trade-off explored (TO) library plans required for building a RapidPlan (RP) library that would generate the optimal clinical treatment plan.

Methods: We developed 2 RP models, 1 each for the 2 clinical sites, head and neck (HN) and cervix. The models were created using 100 plans and were validated using 70 plans (VP) for each site respectively.

Comparative dosimetric, setup margin, and treatment time analysis between ring gantry and C-Arm linear accelerators for VMAT-based craniospinal irradiation plans.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric and treatment delivery characteristics of volumetric modulated arc therapy technique (VMAT)-based craniospinal axis irradiation (CSI) between ring gantry Halcyon (HAL) and C-arm based Novalis Tx (NTx) linear accelerator. Set-up margin and treatment delivery time for both machines were also taken into account.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients, 4 females and 11 males treated between March 2019 and February 2022 within the age group 4-56 years simulated in the supine position and were planned for multiple isocentre VMAT technique in ring gantry Halcyon and C-Arm Novalis linear accelerator for 6FFF and 6 MV flatten beam energy.

Host-functionalization of macrin nanoparticles to enable drug loading and control tumor-associated macrophage phenotype.

Macrophages are critical regulators of the tumor microenvironment and often present an immuno-suppressive phenotype, supporting tumor growth and immune evasion. Promoting a robust pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype has emerged as a therapeutic modality that supports tumor clearance, including through synergy with immune checkpoint therapies. Polyglucose nanoparticles (macrins), which possess high macrophage affinity, are useful vehicles for delivering drugs to macrophages, potentially altering their phenotype.

Setup time analysis for stereotactic body radiotherapy in O-ring linear accelerator without rotational correction.

This study analyse setup time (ST) and frequency of on-board imaging for stereotactic abdomen (liver, stomach), lung, and spine radiotherapy in the absence of automatic rotational correction. Total 53 stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) patients, 28 of abdomen, 19 lung, and 6 spine treated for 230 sessions in O-ring gantry accelerator were evaluated for ST analysis. The mean setup time for all patients, abdomen, lung, and spine cases were 7.

Synthesis of green zinc-oxide nanoparticles and its dose-dependent beneficial effect on spermatozoa during preservation: sperm functional integrity, fertility and antimicrobial activity.

The development of an effective extender is important for semen preservation and the artificial insemination (AI) industry. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as an additive to semen extenders to improve semen quality, fertility, and antibacterial activity during liquid preservation in a boar model. Initially, to find out the safe concentration of ZnO-NPs in sperm cells, a wide range of ZnO-NP concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) were co-incubated with sperm at 37°C for a cytotoxic study.

Injectable Granular Hydrogels Enable Avidity-Controlled Biotherapeutic Delivery.

Protein therapeutics represent a rapidly growing class of pharmaceutical agents that hold great promise for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune dysfunction. Conventional systemic delivery approaches, however, result in off-target drug exposure and a short therapeutic half-life, highlighting the need for more localized and controlled delivery. We have developed an affinity-based protein delivery system that uses guest-host complexation between β-cyclodextrin (CD, host) and adamantane (Ad, guest) to enable sustained localized biomolecule presentation.

Inhibitory role of copper and silver nanocomposite on important bacterial and fungal pathogens in rice (Oryza sativa).

Rice (Oryza sativa) being among the most important food crops in the world is also susceptible to various bacterial and fungal diseases that are the major stumbling blocks in the way of increased production and productivity. The bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani are among the most devastating diseases of the rice crop.

Uptake of Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles by Macrophages is Dependent on Particle Size and Receptor-Mediated Interactions.

Physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as their size and chemical composition, dictate their interaction with professional phagocytes of the innate immune system. Macrophages, in particular, are key regulators of the immune microenvironment that heavily influence particle biodistribution as a result of their uptake. This attribute enables macrophage-targeted delivery, including for phenotypic modulation.

Oxepin Derivatives Formation from Gas-Phase Catechol Ozonolysis.

Quantum chemical calculations are performed to explore all of the possible pathways for primary ozonide (POZ) formation from gas-phase ozonolysis of catechol. Canonical transition state theory has been used to calculate the rate coefficients of individual steps for the formation of POZ. The calculated rate coefficients for 1,3-cycloaddition of ozone at the (i) unsaturated C(OH)═C(OH) bond and (ii) CH═C(OH) of catechol, respectively, are in good agreement with the experimental rate constant.

Gender Parity in Healthcare: A Chronicle of Escalating Success Rate of Female Radiation Oncologists in India.

Biplab Sarkar  This editorial describes the growth pattern of female radiation oncologists (FRO) in India and the prediction of gender equality through a mathematical formulation.  Among the countries in South Asia, India has the largest population of radiation oncologists (RO), a total of 3,763: 1,286 female and 2,477 male radiation oncologists (MROs), and they are registered with the Association of Radiation Oncologists of India (AROI). The data were analyzed to find the differential and cumulative growth pattern of the FROs and MROs and predict gender equality in radiation oncology.

A comparative dose-escalation analysis for reirradiated cancer patients with and without appropriate dose mapping.

This study aims to compare dose escalation between two groups of reirradiated cancer patients, one with the previous contour and radiotherapy plan available on the treatment planning system and the other without. First group is identified as DICOM-group, while the other one is called non-DICOM group. The current study included 89 patients, 57 in the DICOM, and 32 in the non-DICOM group, who received reirradiation for recurrent or second primary tumours between 2019 and 2021.