Exosomal Serum Biomarkers as Predictors for Laryngeal Carcinoma.

Background: The lack of screening methods for LSCC is a critical issue, as treatment options and the treatment outcome greatly depend on the stage of LSCC at initial diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify potential exosomal serum biomarkers that can diagnose LSCC and distinguish between early- and late-stage disease.

Methods: A multiplexed proteomic array was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in exosomes isolated from the serum samples of LSCC patients compared to the control group (septorhinoplasty, SRP).

Case-tailored indicated extracapsular dissection versus "one-size-fits-all" nerve dissection: Has the bet been won?

Objective: The aim of the study was to trace the development of surgical therapy in a large cohort, examine its changes at one single institution that has been specializing in salivary gland pathologies over the last 22 years, and to determine the extent to which a possible shift in the surgical therapy of parotid benign tumors towards less radical methods was correlated with a change in the incidence of facial palsy and Frey's syndrome.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the records of all patients treated for benign parotid tumors at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2022 was carried out.

Lymphatic Vessels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the nasal lymphatic system in order to uncover novel factors that might be involved in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).

Patients And Methods: Lymphatic vessels (LVs) and macrophages were localized and counted in the inferior and middle turbinate, the uncinate process and the ethmoid of CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, the NP and the inferior turbinate of controls (n≥6 per group). Lysates of the same tissue types (n=7 per group) were analyzed for lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE-1), for matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and for Hyaluronic acid (HA) using ELISA.

Diagnosis of malignancy in oropharyngeal confocal laser endomicroscopy using GPT 4.0 with vision.

Purpose: Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) is an imaging tool, that has demonstrated potential for intraoperative, real-time, non-invasive, microscopical assessment of surgical margins of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, interpreting CLE images remains challenging. This study investigates the application of OpenAI's Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) 4.

The modified Polsby-Popper score, a novel quantitative histomorphological biomarker and its potential to predict lymph node positivity and cancer-specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The significance of different histological spreading patterns of tumor tissue in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is well known. Our aim was to construct a numeric parameter on a continuous scale, that is, the modified Polsby-Popper (MPP) score, to describe the aggressiveness of tumor growth and infiltration, with the potential to analyze hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images (WSIs) in an automated manner. We investigated the application of the MPP score in predicting survival and cervical lymph node metastases as well as in determining patients at risk in the context of different surgical margin scenarios.

Risk stratification of thyroid nodules: Assessing the suitability of ChatGPT for text-based analysis.

Purpose: Accurate risk stratification of thyroid nodules is essential for optimal patient management. This study aimed to assess the suitability of ChatGPT for risk stratification of thyroid nodules using a text-based evaluation.

Methods: A dataset was compiled comprising 50 anonymized clinical reports and associated risk assessments for thyroid nodules.

Comparison of mucus and serum biomarker sampling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze advantages and disadvantages of mucus and serum for biomarker analysis.

Methods: This study includes prospective study of 61 CRS with nasal polyps patients who were followed over 24 months and over nine time points after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. At each time points, the nasal polyp score (NPS) was assessed and mucus as well as serum was collected.

Surgical Versus Noninvasive Manual Repositioning After Cochlear Implant Partial Magnet Dislocation.

To compare surgical magnet repositioning (SMR) and noninvasive manual magnet repositioning (MMR) as treatments for partial magnet dislocation (PMD) of the internal magnet in a cochlear implant (CI) caused by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The primary objective was the success rate, while the secondary objectives were total postinterventional CI downtime and complications. This single-center retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral medical center.

A comparison between p16-positive head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HPV-HNCUP) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC): are they the same disease?

Introduction: The following study aimed to answer the question if HPV-HNCUP and HPV-OPSCC are the same disease. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the oncological outcomes of both groups, in particular the 5-year overall survival rate (OS), the 5-year disease specific survival rate (DSS) and the 5-year progression free survival rate (PFS).

Materials And Methods: Firstly, between January 1st, 2007, and March 31st, 2020 a total of 131 patients were treated with HNCUP at our Department.

Effect of postoperative systemic prednisolone on short-term and long-term outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A multi-centered randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine whether postoperative additive systemic steroid administration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) impacted selected endoscopic, subjective and objective outcome measures.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority multicenter trial of n=106 patients with CRSwNP. All patients underwent primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) followed by topical nasal steroids.

Synthetic mucus for an ex vivo phonation setup: Creation, application, and effect on excised porcine larynges.

Laryngeal mucus hydrates and lubricates the deformable tissue of the vocal folds and acts as a boundary layer with the airflow from the lungs. However, the effects of the mucus' viscoelasticity on phonation remain widely unknown and mucus has not yet been established in experimental procedures of voice research. In this study, four synthetic mucus samples were created on the basis of xanthan with focus on physiological frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, which cover viscosities and elasticities over 2 orders of magnitude.

Evaluation of Respiratory Particle Emission during Otorhinolaryngological Procedures in the Context of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Understanding the risk of infection by routine medical examination is important for the protection of the medical personnel. In this study we investigated respiratory particles emitted by patients during routine otolaryngologic procedures and assessed the risks for the performing physician. We developed two experimental setups to measure aerosol and droplet emission during rigid/flexible laryngoscopy, rhinoscopy, pharyngoscopy, otoscopy, sonography and patient interview for subjects with and without masks.

Pneumoparotid: Practical impact of Surgeon performed Ultrasound in an effective Diagnostic Approach.

Objectives: Pneumoparotid is characterized by air inclusions in the parotid duct system. Use of ultrasound has proved valuable for evaluating air inclusions in various parts of the body; the diagnostics of this condition has not been systematically analyzed, however. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of ultrasound in the detection of air inclusions along the parotid duct system and its closer characterization.

Systematic classification of confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of oral cavity carcinoma.

Introduction: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical imaging technique that allows in vivo microscope-like images of the upper aerodigestive tract's mucosa in 1000-fold magnification. The assessment of morphological tissue characteristics for the correct differentiation between healthy and malignoma suspected mucosa requires strict evaluation criteria. This study aims to validate a score for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) diagnostic.

Cystatin SN is a potent upstream initiator of epithelial-derived type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Cystatin SN (CST1) and cystatin SA (CST2) are cysteine protease inhibitors that protect against allergen, viral, and bacterial proteases. Cystatins are overexpressed in the setting of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); however, their role in promoting type 2 inflammation remains poorly characterized.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use integrated poly-omics and a murine exposure model to explore the link between cystatin overexpression in CRSwNP and type 2 inflammation.

[Abscesstonsillectomy: Uni- or bilateral?].

Objective: In addition to an empirical use of antibiotics for treatment of a peritonsillar abscess (PTA) there is a drainage of pus or the abscess tonsillectomy. Postoperative bleeding after abscesstonsillectomy (ABTE) is this surgery's most feared complication which can rarely lead to patients' deaths. The objective of this study was to compare bleeding complications of ABTE with and without contralateral tonsillectomy (TE) and to analyze the occurrence of a metachronous PTA at the contralateral side.

Radio(chemo)therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer-high locoregional but low distant control rates-a monocentric analysis of a tertiary referral center.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal disease with highly aggressive disease progression. This study analyses the influence of radio(chemo)therapy, R(C)T, on disease control, survival rates and predictors for survival.

Patients And Methods: A total of 33 patients with ATC, treated at a tertiary referral center between May 2001 and April 2020 were included.

Endoscopic surgery for intraconal orbital tumors.

Traditionally, external craniofacial approaches have been used for orbital tumor resection. Over the last 30 years, endoscopic sinonasal and skull base techniques have become widely used throughout the world. These experiences paved the way for the extension of transnasal endoscopic techniques to the intraconal orbit.

Validity of tissue homogeneity in confocal laser endomicroscopy on the diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows imaging of the laryngeal mucosa in a thousand-fold magnification. This study analyzes differences in tissue homogeneity between healthy mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) via CLE.

Materials And Methods: We included five SCC patients with planned total laryngectomy in this study between October 2020 and February 2021.

Targeted Therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Novel Treatment Options for Different Subtypes of Salivary Gland Cancer.

Surgical resection remains the first line treatment for salivary gland cancer (SGC). In the case of locally advanced disease, surgery is followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical resection should be favored in resectable locoregional recurrent disease as well, and even the complete resection of all distant oligometastases has clinical benefit for the patients.

The Role of Exosomes in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Non-invasive biomarker analysis has made repetitive and painless sampling over time possible. Exosomes are being released from a parent cell and their cargo mirrors the cell micromilieu of the parent cell. Therefore, exosomes are promising surrogates for their parent cells.

Systematic interpretation of confocal laser endomicroscopy: larynx and pharynx confocal imaging score.

Objective: Development and validation of a confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) classification score for the larynx and pharynx.

Methods: Thirteen patients (154 video sequences, 9240 images) with laryngeal or pharyngeal SCC were included in this prospective study between October 2020 and February 2021. Each CLE sequence was correlated with the gold standard of histopathological examination.

[Sonographic diagnosis of tonsillar abscesses: Our experience and a systematic review].

Background: Transcutaneous sonography has been an integral part of imaging diagnostics in the head and neck region for several decades. Especially in the imaging of abscesses of the tonsillar fossa, sonography is a fast, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This paper aims to provide an overview of the currently published studies in terms of diagnostic value.