Healthcare and non-healthcare professionals' knowledge about nutrition in older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Malnutrition frequently affects older adults, increasing their risk for numerous diseases, as well as healthcare costs. Therefore, nutritional assessment and appropriate nutritional support addressed to meet individual nutritional needs and prevent malnutrition and its consequences should be a fundamental part of healthcare for older adults. This study aimed to compare the knowledge of nutrition guidelines for older adults between healthcare and non-healthcare professionals working with older adults.

Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants.

Multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) sequester membrane proteins destined for degradation within intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), a process mediated by the membrane-remodeling action of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins. In , endosomal membrane constriction and scission are uncoupled, resulting in the formation of extensive concatenated ILV networks and enhancing cargo sequestration efficiency. Here, we used a combination of electron tomography, computer simulations, and mathematical modeling to address the questions of when concatenated ILV networks evolved in plants and what drives their formation.

Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation.

Filaments in the cell commonly treadmill. Driven by energy consumption, they grow on one end while shrinking on the other, causing filaments to appear motile even though individual proteins remain static. This process is characteristic of cytoskeletal filaments and leads to collective filament self-organization.

Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Xanthone-Rich Extracts from and .

Despite the existence of various therapeutic approaches, diabetes mellitus and its complications have been an increasing burden of mortality and disability globally. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants to support existing drugs in treating diabetes. Xanthones, the main secondary metabolites found in and , display various biological activities.

A liquid-like coat mediates chromosome clustering during mitotic exit.

The individualization of chromosomes during early mitosis and their clustering upon exit from cell division are two key transitions that ensure efficient segregation of eukaryotic chromosomes. Both processes are regulated by the surfactant-like protein Ki-67, but how Ki-67 achieves these diametric functions has remained unknown. Here, we report that Ki-67 radically switches from a chromosome repellent to a chromosome attractant during anaphase in human cells.

One-Year Pilot Study Results of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the Republic of Croatia.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disease caused by the homozygous deletion of exon 7 in 95% of cases. The prognosis for SMA patients has improved with the development of disease-modifying therapies, all of which are available in Croatia. The best treatment outcomes occur when therapy is applied before symptoms appear, making newborn screening (NBS) for SMA a crucial factor.

Pressure sensing of lysosomes enables control of TFEB responses in macrophages.

Polymers are endocytosed and hydrolysed by lysosomal enzymes to generate transportable solutes. While the transport of diverse organic solutes across the plasma membrane is well studied, their necessary ongoing efflux from the endocytic fluid into the cytosol is poorly appreciated by comparison. Myeloid cells that employ specialized types of endocytosis, that is, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, are highly dependent on such transport pathways to prevent the build-up of hydrostatic pressure that otherwise offsets lysosomal dynamics including vesiculation, tubulation and fission.

In Operando Imaging Electrostatic-Driven Disassembly and Reassembly of Collagen Nanostructures.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in tissue scaffolds in live organisms. Collagen can self-assemble in vitro, which has led to a number of biotechnological and biomedical applications. To understand the dominant factors that participate in the formation of collagen nanostructures, here we study in real time and with nanoscale resolution the disassembly and reassembly of collagens.

Liposome Encapsulation Enhances the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Silibinin.

Silibinin has considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the therapeutic application of silibinin is quite limited due to its poor bioavailability. In the present study, an attempt was made to improve the antidiabetic efficacy of silibinin by its encapsulation in liposomal vesicles.

Regulation of angiogenesis by endocytic trafficking mediated by cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1.

Dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1, ) is a core subunit of the dynein motor complex. The LIC1 subunit also interacts with various cargo adaptors to regulate Rab-mediated endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation. Defects in this gene are predicted to alter dynein motor function, Rab binding capabilities, and cytoplasmic cargo trafficking.

The Power of Vitamin D: Is the Future in Precision Nutrition through Personalized Supplementation Plans?

In the last few decades, vitamin D has undeniably been one of the most studied nutrients. Despite our ability to produce vitamin D through sunlight exposure, its presence in several natural food sources and fortified foods, and its widespread availability as a dietary supplement, vitamin D deficiency is a serious public health problem, affecting nearly 50% of the global population. Low serum levels of vitamin D are being associated with increased susceptibility to numerous health conditions, including respiratory infections, mental health, autoimmune diseases, and different cancer types.

Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration.

Water is known to play an important role in collagen self-assembly, but it is still largely unclear how water-collagen interactions influence the assembly process and determine the fibril network properties. Here, we use the H[Formula: see text]O/D[Formula: see text]O isotope effect on the hydrogen-bond strength in water to investigate the role of hydration in collagen self-assembly. We dissolve collagen in H[Formula: see text]O and D[Formula: see text]O and compare the growth kinetics and the structure of the collagen assemblies formed in these water isotopomers.

Nonadditivity in interactions between three membrane-wrapped colloidal spheres.

Many cell functions require a concerted effort from multiple membrane proteins, for example, for signaling, cell division, and endocytosis. One contribution to their successful self-organization stems from the membrane deformations that these proteins induce. While the pairwise interaction potential of two membrane-deforming spheres has recently been measured, membrane-deformation-induced interactions have been predicted to be nonadditive, and hence their collective behavior cannot be deduced from this measurement.

Thermographic analysis of the corneal surface in epi-on and epi-off corneal crosslinking for keratoconus.

Purpose: To analyse the temperature of the corneal surface in keratoconus during corneal customized crosslinking (CXL) with a preserved epithelium (epi-on) under oxygen flow, and epi-off CXL in room air, and to assess the effect of pre-heating the oxygen.

Methods: This masked, intra-individual comparing randomized study included 14 participants with bilateral progressive keratoconus treated with bilateral CXL: one eye with epi-on CXL under a flow of 2.5 L/min oxygen; the fellow eye with epi-off CXL in room air.

Stress granules plug and stabilize damaged endolysosomal membranes.

Endomembrane damage represents a form of stress that is detrimental for eukaryotic cells. To cope with this threat, cells possess mechanisms that repair the damage and restore cellular homeostasis. Endomembrane damage also results in organelle instability and the mechanisms by which cells stabilize damaged endomembranes to enable membrane repair remains unknown.

Hydrogen Bonds as Stability-Controlling Elements of Spherical Aggregates of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

The effects of various organic additives, such as diethanolamine (DEA) and ethanolamine (EA), and variations in aging times on the formation and stability mechanisms of spherical aggregates of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by using solvothermal synthesis were studied. The experimental results of the structural, morphological and optical properties monitored by using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy were supported by quantum chemical calculations at the level of density functional theory (DFT). Understanding the mechanism of spherical ZnO aggregate formation and its stability by mimicking the processes at the computer level was achieved through theoretical simulations of the ZnO surface/additive interactions using (ZnO)-DEA and (ZnO)-EA models.

Synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy reveals DNA methylation profile in DNA-HALO structure.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive and label-free technique for identifying subtle changes in all bio-macromolecules, and has been used as a method of choice for studying DNA conformation, secondary DNA structure transition and DNA damage. In addition, the specific level of chromatin complexity is introduced via epigenetic modifications forcing the technological upgrade in the analysis of such an intricacy. As the most studied epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation is a major regulator of transcriptional activity, involved in the suppression of a broad spectrum of genes and its deregulation is involved in all non-communicable diseases.

Wrapping Pathways of Anisotropic Dumbbell Particles by Giant Unilamellar Vesicles.

Endocytosis is a key cellular process involved in the uptake of nutrients, pathogens, or the therapy of diseases. Most studies have focused on spherical objects, whereas biologically relevant shapes can be highly anisotropic. In this letter, we use an experimental model system based on Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) and dumbbell-shaped colloidal particles to mimic and investigate the first stage of the passive endocytic process: engulfment of an anisotropic object by the membrane.

Emotions and Food Consumption: Emotional Eating Behavior in a European Population.

Emotion can reflect in the perception of food consumption. An increase in food intake during emotional and psychological conditions may have a negative impact on human health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between food consumption, emotional eating behavior, and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, boredom eating, maintaining vigilance and alertness, and emotional food consolation.

Steering self-organisation through confinement.

Self-organisation is the spontaneous emergence of spatio-temporal structures and patterns from the interaction of smaller individual units. Examples are found across many scales in very different systems and scientific disciplines, from physics, materials science and robotics to biology, geophysics and astronomy. Recent research has highlighted how self-organisation can be both mediated and controlled by confinement.

Mechanochemical Rules for Shape-Shifting Filaments that Remodel Membranes.

The sequential exchange of filament composition to increase filament curvature was proposed as a mechanism for how some biological polymers deform and cut membranes. The relationship between the filament composition and its mechanical effect is lacking. We develop a kinetic model for the assembly of composite filaments that includes protein-membrane adhesion, filament mechanics and membrane mechanics.