Median Nerve Shear Wave Elastography Is Associated With the Neurophysiological Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objectives: This study examines the associations between the median nerve (MN) shear wave elastography (SWE), the MN cross-sectional area (CSA), patient's symptoms, and the neurophysiological severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The most appropriate site to perform SWE was also tested.

Methods: This prospective study comprised 86 wrists of 47 consecutive patients who volunteered for MN ultrasound after an electrodiagnostic study.

Evaluation of risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in dogs.

Background: Brachycephalic dogs display sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The risk factors for SDB remain unknown.

Objectives: To identify risk factors for SDB.

Description of a novel method for detection of sleep-disordered breathing in brachycephalic dogs.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), defined as any difficulty in breathing during sleep, occurs in brachycephalic dogs. Diagnostic methods for SDB in dogs require extensive equipment and laboratory assessment.

Objectives: To evaluate the usability of a portable neckband system for detection of SDB in dogs.

Median nerve ultrasound cross sectional area and wrist-to-forearm ratio in relation to carpal tunnel syndrome related axonal damage and patient age.

Objective: Primary objective was to retrospectively examine the effects of patient age and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) related axon loss on median nerve (MN) high resolution ultrasound (HRUS) in younger and older patients. HRUS parameters evaluated in this study were MN cross sectional area at the wrist (CSA) and wrist-to-forearm ratio (WFR).

Methods: The material comprised 467 wrists of 329 patients.

Methods for Detecting Abnormal Ventilation in Children - the Case Study of 13-Years old Pitt-Hopkins Girl.

We present contactless technology measuring abnormal ventilation and compare it with polysomnography (PSG). A 13-years old girl with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome presented hyperpnoea periods with apneic spells. The PSG was conducted simultaneously with Emfit movement sensor (Emfit, Finland) and video camera with depth sensor (NEL, Finland).

Season is related to the slow wave and sigma activity of infants and toddlers.

Objective/background: Slow wave activity (SWA) and sigma frequency activity (SFA) are hallmarks of NREM sleep EEG and important indicators of neural plasticity, development of the central nervous system, and cognition. However, little is known about the factors that modulate these sleep EEG activities, especially in small children.

Patients/methods: We analyzed the power spectral densities of SWA (1-4 Hz) and SFA range (10-15 Hz) from six EEG derivations of 56 infants (8 months) and 60 toddlers (24 months) during their all-night sleep and during the first and the last half of night sleep.

Large Intraneural Ganglion Cyst in the Peroneal Nerve.

A 23-year-old previously healthy male was referred to the clinical neurophysiology unit due to a relatively fast-onset paralysis of muscles of the anterior right leg. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) revealed a total denervation of the muscles innervated by the deep peroneal nerve, diminished sensory response of the superficial peroneal nerve, and partial denervation of the peroneus longus muscle. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large fluid collection inside the common peroneal nerve, primarily suspected to be an intraneural ganglion cyst.

Reduction in median nerve cross-sectional area at the forearm correlates with axon loss in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objective: To explore the relationship between axon loss and measured cross-sectional areas of the median nerve (MN) in severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: In this retrospective study of 158 examined wrists, we compared axon loss to the ultrasound parameters MN cross-sectional area at the wrist (wCSA), MN cross-sectional area at the forearm (fCSA) and wrist-to-forearm ratio (WFR), in patients with moderate to extreme CTS. Axon loss was evaluated by needle electromyography (EMG) of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (spontaneous activity and reduction of interference pattern).

Nighttime melatonin secretion and sleep architecture: different associations in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Background: Sleep quality typically decreases after menopause, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Concentrations of melatonin are lower and its secretion profiles different before and after menopause. However, whether and how melatonin and sleep architecture are associated in women of different reproductive states have not been examined to date.

The Effects of Genetic Background for Diurnal Preference on Sleep Development in Early Childhood.

Purpose: No previous research has examined the impact of the genetic background of diurnal preference on children´s sleep. Here, we examined the effects of genetic risk score for the liability of diurnal preference on sleep development in early childhood in two population-based cohorts from Finland.

Participants And Methods: The primary sample (CHILD-SLEEP, CS) comprised 1420 infants (695 girls), and the replication sample (FinnBrain, FB; 962 girls) 2063 infants.

Slow-wave activity and sigma activities are associated with psychomotor development at 8 months of age.

Study Objectives: The electrophysiological properties of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) EEG are homeostatically modulated on global and local use-dependent levels. Furthermore, the local NREM quality reflects age-dependent brain maturation and individual, age-independent, and psychomotor potential. Cortical maturation and its electrophysiological marker, Slow-wave activity (SWA), as well as sleep spindles are known to change in topography and quality during the early years of life, but their associations with psychomotor development in infants are unknown.

The Neurophysiological Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Cannot Be Predicted by Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area and Wrist-to-Forearm Ratio.

Purpose: The median nerve cross-sectional area at the wrist (CSA) and the wrist-to-forearm ratio of the cross-sectional areas (WFR) are ultrasound parameters used in the diagnosis and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the CSA and WFR as well as to compare their diagnostic value.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of a cohort of 218 patients who had undergone nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and an ultrasound of the median nerve.

Neurobehavioral Outcomes in School-Aged Children with Primary Snoring.

Objective: We assess behavioral and attentional problems and neurocognitive functioning in school-aged children with primary snoring (PS).

Methods: Seventeen children with PS and 27 non-snoring peers aged 6-10 years took part in the study. All children underwent a polysomnography (PSG) at the Sleep Laboratory.

Night Awakening and Its Association With Executive Functioning Across the First Two Years of Life.

Longitudinal associations between signaled night awakening and executive functioning (EF) at 8 and 24 months in children with (≥ 3 awakenings, n = 77) and without parent-rated fragmented sleep (≤ 1 awakening, n = 69) were studied. EF was assessed with the Switch task at 8 and 24 months. At 24 months, behavioral tasks and parental ratings of EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version) were also used.

Effect of Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery on Pharyngeal Airway Volume and Polysomnography Data in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.

Purpose: To study volumetric changes in the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) and compare those findings with polysomnographic (PSG) data of the same patients.

Materials And Methods: The study included 20 patients with OSA (1 woman and 19 men; mean age, 48 yr; range, 31 to 59 yr). Mean values of angles formed by the sella, nasion, and B point and the sella, nasion, and A point before surgery indicated mandibular and maxillary retrognathia, respectively.

Craniofacial and occlusal development in 2.5-year-old children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Objectives: Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with a range of changes in craniofacial and occlusal development. There is, however, little knowledge of how early in life these changes can be found. The aim of the present study was to determine whether changes in dental arch morphology, occlusion, facial profile, tonsil size, breathing habit or body mass index (BMI) can already be found among 2.

Under-reporting of nocturnal seizures using video-based home monitoring: a case study on the evaluation of the effect of vagal nerve stimulation.

A challenge in treating epilepsy is the accurate documentation of seizure frequency, which is needed in order to assess the benefits of ongoing treatment. We present a 17-year-old girl who underwent video-based monitoring in order to establish an accurate seizure count before and after the implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator to treat refractory epilepsy. The results show a reduction in disabling seizure types after vagus nerve stimulator implantation and highlight the inconsistencies between the reported and actual seizure count in this patient.

Prolonged partial obstruction during sleep is a NREM phenomenon.

Objective: Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) is a common finding in sleep studies. Although not verified, it seems to emerge in deep sleep. We study the effect of PPO on sleep architecture or sleep electroencephalography (EEG) frequency.

Local changes in computational non-rapid eye movement sleep depth in infants.

Objective: Deep NREM sleep and its hallmark EEG phenomenon slow wave activity (SWA) are under homeostatic control in adults. SWA is also locally regulated as it increases in the brain areas that have been used intensively. Moreover, in children, SWA is a marker of cortical maturation.

Assessment of support vector machines and convolutional neural networks to detect snoring using Emfit mattress.

Snoring (SN) is an essential feature of sleep breathing disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we evaluate epoch-based snoring detection methods using an unobtrusive electromechanical film transducer (Emfit) mattress sensor using polysomnography recordings as a reference. Two different approaches were investigated: a support vector machine (SVM) classifier fed with a subset of spectral features and convolutional neural network (CNN) fed with spectrograms.