Landscape of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Newborn Screening in the United States.

Newborn screening (NBS) is a state-based public health program that aims to identify newborns at risk of certain disorders in the first days after birth to prevent permanent disability or death. Disorders on the Health and Human Services Federal Advisory Committee's Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) have been adopted by most state NBS programs; however, each state mandates specific disorders to be screened and implements their own system processes. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was added to the RUSP in 2005, and currently all 53 NBS programs universally screen for it.

The Landscape of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Newborn Screening in the United States in 2020: A Review of Screening Methodologies and Targets, Communication Pathways, and Long-Term Follow-Up Practices.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is T cell development disorders in the immune system and can be detected at birth. As of December 2018, all 53 newborn screening (NBS) programs within the United States and associated territories offer universal screening for SCID. The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), along with the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF), surveyed public health NBS system laboratory and follow-up coordinators regarding their NBS program's screening methodologies and targets, protocols for stakeholder notifications, and long-term follow-up practices.

Infants with Congenital Disorders Identified Through Newborn Screening - United States, 2015-2017.

Newborn screening (NBS) identifies infants at risk for congenital disorders for which early intervention has been shown to improve outcomes (1). State public health programs are encouraged to screen for disorders on the national Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP), which increased from 29 disorders in 2005 to 35 in 2018.* The RUSP includes hearing loss (HL) and critical congenital heart defects, which can be detected through point-of-care screening, and 33 disorders detected through laboratory screening of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens.

Newborn screening timeliness quality improvement initiative: Impact of national recommendations and data repository.

Background: Newborn screening (NBS) aims to achieve early identification and treatment of affected infants prior to onset of symptoms. The timely completion of each step (i.e.

Atheroprotective effects of methotrexate on reverse cholesterol transport proteins and foam cell transformation in human THP-1 monocyte/macrophages.

Objective: To determine whether methotrexate (MTX) can overcome the atherogenic effects of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), both of which suppress cholesterol efflux protein and promote foam cell transformation in human THP-1 monocyte/macrophages.

Methods: Message and protein levels of the reverse cholesterol transport proteins cholesterol 27-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in THP-1 cells were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot, respectively. Expression was evaluated in cells incubated in the presence or absence of the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 or IFNgamma, with and without MTX.

Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on cholesterol efflux proteins and atheromatous foam cell transformation in THP-1 human macrophages: a possible mechanism for increased cardiovascular risk.

Both selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been beneficial pharmacological agents for many patients suffering from arthritis pain and inflammation. However, selective COX-2 inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs are both associated with heightened risk of myocardial infarction. Possible pro-atherogenic mechanisms of these inhibitors have been suggested, including an imbalance in prostanoid production leaving the pro-aggregatory prostaglandins unopposed, but the precise mechanisms involved have not been elucidated.

Recent insights into the role of prostanoids in atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and enrichment of inflammatory cells in the vessel wall. Acute inflammation can lead to damaged endothelium triggering the coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. Likewise, the clotting cascade may elicit an inflammatory response.