A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of air filtration to prevent symptomatic winter respiratory infections (including COVID-19) in care homes (AFRI-c) in England: Trial protocol.

Background: Respiratory tract infections are readily transmitted in care homes. Airborne transmission of pathogens causing respiratory tract illness is largely unmitigated. Portable high-efficiency-particulate-air (HEPA) filtration units capture microbial particles from the air, but it is unclear whether this is sufficient to reduce infections in care home residents.

Oscillatory Coupling Between Neural and Cardiac Rhythms.

Oscillations serve a critical role in organizing biological systems. In the brain, oscillatory coupling is a fundamental mechanism of communication. The possibility that neural oscillations interact directly with slower physiological rhythms (e.

The Scanner as the Stimulus: Deficient Gamma-BOLD Coupling in Schizophrenia at Rest.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners are unavoidably loud and uncomfortable experimental tools that are necessary for schizophrenia (SZ) neuroscience research. The validity of fMRI paradigms might be undermined by well-known sensory processing abnormalities in SZ that could exert distinct effects on neural activity in the presence of scanner background sound. Given the ubiquity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) paradigms in SZ research, elucidating the relationship between neural, hemodynamic, and sensory processing deficits during scanning is necessary to refine the construct validity of the MR neuroimaging environment.

Sheep with ovarian androgen excess have fibrosis and follicular arrest with increased mRNA abundance for steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropin receptors.

An androgen excess ovarian micro-environment may limit follicle progression in sheep. Two populations of ewes with divergent follicular fluid androstenedione (A4) were identified in a flock in Jordan: High A4; (A4) ≥ 30 ng/mL, (N = 12) or Control A4 (Control); A4 ≤ 15 ng/mL; (N = 12). We hypothesized High A4 ewes would have increased steroidogenic enzyme mRNA abundance, inflammation, and follicular arrest.

Predicting Transmission Suitability of Mosquito-Borne Diseases under Climate Change to Underpin Decision Making.

The risk of the mosquito-borne diseases malaria, dengue fever and Zika virus is expected to shift both temporally and spatially under climate change. As climate change projections continue to improve, our ability to predict these shifts is also enhanced. This paper predicts transmission suitability for these mosquito-borne diseases, which are three of the most significant, using the most up-to-date climate change projections.

Aperiodic measures of neural excitability are associated with anticorrelated hemodynamic networks at rest: A combined EEG-fMRI study.

The hallmark of resting EEG spectra are distinct rhythms emerging from a broadband, aperiodic background. This aperiodic neural signature accounts for most of total EEG power, although its significance and relation to functional neuroanatomy remains obscure. We hypothesized that aperiodic EEG reflects a significant metabolic expenditure and therefore might be associated with the default mode network while at rest.

Hybrid Harmony: A Multi-Person Neurofeedback Application for Interpersonal Synchrony.

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in studies measuring brain activity, physiological responses, and/or movement data from multiple individuals during social interaction. For example, so-called "hyperscanning" research has demonstrated that brain activity may become synchronized across people as a function of a range of factors. Such findings not only underscore the potential of hyperscanning techniques to capture meaningful aspects of naturalistic interactions, but also raise the possibility that hyperscanning can be leveraged as a tool to help improve such naturalistic interactions.

Bereaved Informal Caregivers Rarely Recall a Relationship Between Transfusions and Hospice in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Aims: The inability to prescribe blood transfusions is a potential barrier to timely hospice enrollment for patients with blood cancers. The benefits and harms of transfusions near the end of life (EOL), however, are poorly characterized and patients' preferences are unknown. We sought to characterize the recollections of bereaved caregivers about the relationships between transfusions and hospice enrollment decisions.

Resting-state brain oscillations predict cognitive function in psychiatric disorders: A transdiagnostic machine learning approach.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is widespread in psychiatric disorders and can significantly impact quality of life. Deficits cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, necessitating new approaches to understand how cognitive function relates to large-scale brain activity and psychiatric symptoms across the diagnostic spectrum.

Objective: Using random forest regression, we aimed to identify transdiagnostic patterns linking cognitive function to resting-state EEG oscillations.

Electrophysiological investigation of reward anticipation and outcome evaluation during slot machine play.

Slot machines are a popular form of gambling, offering a tractable way to experimentally model reward processes. This study used a 3-reel slot paradigm to assess psychologically distinct phases of reward processing, reflecting anticipation, and early- and late-stage outcome processing. EEG measures of winning, nearly missing (a losing outcome revealed at the final, third reel), and "totally" missing (a losing outcome revealed earlier, at the second reel) were collected from healthy adults (n=54).

Party frequency, party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization among first-year female college students.

This study examined whether the use of party-safety strategies weakens the association between frequency of party attendance and sexual victimization among first-year female college students. First-year female college students ( = 450) from three universities in the United States participated in this study. Participants completed questionnaires on frequency of party attendance, use of party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization.

Successful use of fondaparinux in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis confirmed by serotonin-release assay and Factor V Leiden.

What Is Known And Objective: The off-label use of fondaparinux in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) has historically been controversial. We present a case of successful fondaparinux use to treat HITT confirmed by the serotonin-release assay in the setting of other significant clotting and bleeding risk factors.

Case Summary: We report a 19-year-old male with a history of Factor V Leiden and recent neurosurgery treated with fondaparinux after developing HITT confirmed by the serotonin-release assay (SRA).

Increasing bystander behavior to prevent adolescent relationship violence: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The present research reports a randomized controlled trial evaluating TakeCARE, a video bystander program designed to help prevent relationship and sexual violence among high school students.

Method: High school students ( = 165) were randomly assigned to view TakeCARE or a control video. Students completed self-report measures of bystander behavior and bystander self-efficacy before viewing the videos.

Using Virtual Reality to Create an Observational Assessment of Adolescent Resistance to Antisocial Peer Pressure.

Resistance to antisocial peer pressure consistently relates to adolescent adjustment. However, it is typically measured via a mono-method, self-report approach. The current study introduces a virtual reality (VR) protocol to create an observational measure of adolescents' responses to peer pressure to engage in antisocial activities.

The Bystander Behavior (For Friends) Scale: Factor Structure and Correlation With Prior Victimization.

The Bystander Behavior (for Friends) Scale (BBS) offers a promising method of studying prosocial bystander behavior in the context of sexual assault and intimate partner violence. The underlying structure of the BBS has only been studied in the development sample, which was predominantly White and from one university in the Northeast region of the United States. This single sample raises questions about the replicability and generalizability of the factor structure.

Current Evidence on the Effects of Intensive Early Reading Interventions.

Many students at risk for or identified with reading disabilities need intensive reading interventions. This meta-analysis provides an update to the Wanzek and Vaughn synthesis on intensive early reading interventions. Effects from 25 reading intervention studies are analyzed to examine the overall effect of intensive early reading interventions as well as relationships between intervention and student characteristics related to outcomes.

Understanding self-concealment within a framework of eating disorder cognitions and body image flexibility: Conceptual and applied implications.

Although self-concealment has been long recognized in the context of body image disturbance and disordered eating concerns, empirical evidence remains limited. Following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) models of disordered eating and body image concerns, the present cross-sectional study examined whether the construct of self-concealment was related to disordered eating and body image concerns. More specifically, we investigated whether eating disorder cognitions and body image flexibility, two factors linked to the maintenance of disordered eating concerns, are uniquely associated with self-concealment, while controlling for key demographic and sociocultural variables.

Consecutive epigenetically-active agent combinations act in and pathways for AML.

Co-occurrence of and mutations provoke an animal model of AML by epigenetic repression of Wnt pathway antagonists, including and by hyperexpression of encoding Wnt agonist. These affect over-expression and treatment resistance. A comparable epigenetic phenotype was identified among adult AML patients needing novel intervention.

Adverse Consequences to Assisting Victims of Campus Violence: Initial Investigations Among College Students.

Despite growing interest in the use of bystander education programs to address the problems of sexual and relationship violence on college campuses, little knowledge exists on adverse consequences experienced by students intervening as a bystander. The current study examined the prevalence and correlates of adverse consequences of bystander intervention in two samples of first-year college students. In Study 1, 281 students completed a measure of negative consequences experienced when acting as a bystander to help someone at risk of sexual assault, relationship abuse, or stalking.

TakeCARE, a Video to Promote Bystander Behavior on College Campuses: Replication and Extension.

Previous research has demonstrated that college students who view TakeCARE, a video bystander program designed to encourage students to take action to prevent sexual and relationship violence (i.e., bystander behavior), display more bystander behavior relative to students who view a control video.

A High School-Based Evaluation of TakeCARE, a Video Bystander Program to Prevent Adolescent Relationship Violence.

Although bystander programs to prevent relationship and sexual violence have been evaluated with college students, few evaluations have been conducted with high school students. This study evaluated the effectiveness of TakeCARE, a brief video bystander program designed to promote helpful bystander behavior in situations involving relationship violence among high school students. Students (N = 1295; 52.

TakeCARE, a Video Bystander Program to Help Prevent Sexual Violence on College Campuses: Results of Two Randomized, Controlled Trials.

Objective: The present research reports on two randomized controlled trials evaluating TakeCARE, a video bystander program designed to help prevent sexual violence on college campuses.

Method: In Study 1, students were recruited from psychology courses at two universities. In Study 2, first-year students were recruited from a required course at one university.

Cyber Victimization, Psychological Intimate Partner Violence, and Problematic Mental Health Outcomes Among First-Year College Students.

Both cyber victimization and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) have been associated with negative mental health outcomes among adolescents and young adults. The present study examined relations among cyber victimization, psychological IPV, and mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior) among first-year college students. Consistent with polyvictimization theory, we hypothesized that cyber victimization and psychological IPV would be related to each other.