Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents.

Objective: To describe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and cigarette use among adolescents and determine whether established risk factors for smoking discriminate user categories.

Methods: School-based survey of 1941 high school students (mean age 14.6 years) in Hawaii; data collected in 2013.

Exposure to Movie Reckless Driving in Early Adolescence Predicts Reckless, but Not Inattentive Driving.

Objective: We examine the association between exposure to depictions of reckless driving in movies and unsafe driving, modeling inattentive and reckless driving as separate outcomes.

Methods: Data were obtained by telephone from 1,630 US adolescents aged 10 to 14 years at baseline who were drivers at a survey 6 years later. Exposure to movie reckless driving was measured based on movies seen from a randomly selected list of 50 movie titles that had been content coded for reckless driving among characters.

Associations between initial water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use and subsequent cigarette smoking: results from a longitudinal study of US adolescents and young adults.

Importance: Many adolescents and young adults use alternative tobacco products, such as water pipes and snus, instead of cigarettes.

Objective: To assess whether prior water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use among never smokers are risk factors for subsequent cigarette smoking.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a 2-wave national longitudinal study in the United States among 2541 individuals aged 15 to 23 years old.

Multiple tobacco product use among US adolescents and young adults.

Objective: To assess the extent to which multiple tobacco product use among adolescents and young adults falls outside current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority.

Methods: We conducted a web-based survey of 1596 16-26-year-olds to assess use of 11 types of tobacco products. We ascertained current (past 30 days) tobacco product use among 927 respondents who ever used tobacco.

A South African public-private partnership HIV treatment model: viability and success factors.

Introduction: The increasing number of people requiring HIV treatment in South Africa calls for efficient use of its human resources for health in order to ensure optimum treatment coverage and outcomes. This paper describes an innovative public-private partnership model which uses private sector doctors to treat public sector patients and ascertains the model's ability to maintain treatment outcomes over time.

Methods: The study used a retrospective design based on the electronic records of patients who were down-referred from government hospitals to selected private general medical practitioners (GPs) between November 2005 and October 2012.

Energy drink consumption and the risk of alcohol use disorder among a national sample of adolescents and young adults.

Objective: To assess the association between energy drink use and hazardous alcohol use among a national sample of adolescents and young adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 3342 youth aged 15-23 years recruited for a national survey about media and alcohol use. Energy drink use was defined as recent use or ever mixed-use with alcohol.

Expanding the phenotype associated with the NEFL mutation: neuromuscular disease in a family with overlapping myopathic and neurogenic findings.

Importance: Newer sequencing technologies in combination with traditional gene mapping techniques, such as linkage analysis, can help identify the genetic basis of disease for patients with rare disorders of uncertain etiology. This approach may expand the phenotypic spectrum of disease associated with those genetic mutations.

Objective: To elucidate the molecular cause of a neuromuscular disease among a family in which 4 members, a mother and her 3 sons, were affected.

Common visual problems in children with disability.

Children with disability are at a substantially higher risk of visual impairment (VI) (10.5% compared with 0.16%) but also of ocular disorders of all types, including refractive errors and strabismus.

Getting completely turned around: how disorientation impacts subjective straight ahead.

In manipulating a pointer to indicate subjective straight ahead (SSA), participants were more variable after a series of whole-body rotations in conjunction with external sensory blockade than after external sensory blockade alone. The variability of reported SSA did not increase consequent to a temporal delay matched to the time taken by the rotation procedure. These results suggest that an observer's egocentric reference frame is more complex and less stable than has previously been thought.

Molecular heterogeneity of familial myeloproliferative neoplasms revealed by analysis of the commonly acquired JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations.

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal, hematological malignancies that include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. While most cases of MPN are sporadic in nature, a familial pattern of inheritance is well recognised. The phenotype and status of the commonly acquired JAK2 V617F, CALR exon 9 and MPL W515L/K mutations in affected individuals from a consecutive series of ten familial MPN (FMPN) kindred are described.

A longitudinal study of risk-glorifying video games and behavioral deviance.

Character-based video games do more than allow one to practice various kinds of behaviors in a virtual environment; they allow one to practice being a different kind of person. As such, we propose that games can alter self-perceptions of personal characteristics, attitudes, and values with broad consequences for behavior. In a multiwave, longitudinal study of adolescents, we examined the extent to which play of mature-rated, risk-glorifying (MRRG) games was associated with increases in alcohol use, cigarette smoking, aggression, delinquency, and risky sex as a consequence of its effects on personality, attitudes, and affiliations indicative of increased tolerance of deviance.

Favourite alcohol advertisements and binge drinking among adolescents: a cross-cultural cohort study.

Aims: To investigate the association between having a favourite alcohol advertisement and binge drinking among European adolescents.

Design: Data were obtained from a longitudinal observational study on relationships between smoking and drinking and film tobacco and alcohol exposures.

Setting: State-funded schools.