The effect of alcohol on subsequent sleep in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alcohol is commonly consumed prior to bedtime with the belief that it facilitates sleep. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of alcohol on the characteristics of night-time sleep, with the intent to identify the influence of the dose and timing of alcohol intake. A systematic search of the literature identified 27 studies for inclusion in the analysis.

Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types.

The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which VP cell types shape VTA activity and drive behavior. Here, we found that both VP GABA and glutamate neurons were activated during approach to reward or by delivery of an aversive stimulus.

Corrigendum: Acute imidacloprid exposure alters mitochondrial function in bumblebee flight muscle and brain.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.

The Night-Time Sleep and Autonomic Activity of Male and Female Professional Road Cyclists Competing in the Tour de France and Tour de France Femmes.

Background: Sleep is a critical component of recovery, but it can be disrupted following prolonged endurance exercise. The objective of this study was to examine the capacity of male and female professional cyclists to recover between daily race stages while competing in the 2022 Tour de France and the 2022 Tour de France Femmes, respectively. The 17 participating cyclists (8 males from a single team and 9 females from two teams) wore a fitness tracker (WHOOP 4.

Population Structure and Genomic Characterisation of the Ashanti Dwarf Pig of Ghana.

There is still limited information on the genomic structure and genetic diversity of African pigs. Genetic diversity studies can contribute significantly to the genetic improvement and conservation of African pigs. This study presents a genetic diversity analysis and population structure of pig breeds in Ghana, with a focus on the Ashanti Dwarf pig (ADP), an indigenous pig breed of Ghana.

Longitudinal Stability of Neural Correlates of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study of Event Related Potentials and Electroencephalography.

Objective: Stability and developmental effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) correlates of ADHD are understudied. This pilot study examined stability and developmental changes in ERP and EEG metrics of interest.

Methods: Thirty-seven 7 to 11-year-old children with ADHD and 15 typically developing (TD) children completed EEG twice, 11 to 36 months apart.

Hit the gym or hit the hay: can evening exercise characteristics predict compromised sleep in healthy adults?

Recent sleep guidelines regarding evening exercise have shifted from a conservative (i.e., do not exercise in the evening) to a more nuanced approach (i.

Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types.

The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate (Glut) neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Yet little is known about the cell-type-specific mechanisms by which VP projections to VTA drive behavior. Here, we found that both VP GABA and Glut neurons were activated during approach to reward or delivery of an aversive stimulus.

Maintaining Joy in Orthopaedic Practice.

Orthopaedic surgeons may, at times, derive less enjoyment from their work. Limited engagement can arise, on the one hand, from limited autonomy, burdens of care, and reduced reimbursement. On the other hand, surgeons may enjoy their work less if they feel less able to help people.

A quantitative assessment of deformation energy in intermolecular interactions: How important is it?

Dimer interaction energies have been well studied in computational chemistry, but they can offer an incomplete understanding of molecular binding depending on the system. In the current study, we present a dataset of focal-point coupled-cluster interaction and deformation energies (summing to binding energies, De) of 28 organic molecular dimers. We use these highly accurate energies to evaluate ten density functional approximations for their accuracy.

How Tired is Too Tired to Drive? A Systematic Review Assessing the Use of Prior Sleep Duration to Detect Driving Impairment.

Driver fatigue is a contributory factor in approximately 20% of vehicle crashes. While other causal factors (eg, drink-driving) have decreased in recent decades due to increased public education strategies and punitive measures, similar decreases have not been seen in fatigue-related crashes. Fatigued driving could be managed in a similar way to drink-driving, with an established point (ie, amount of prior sleep) after which drivers are "deemed impaired".

The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The consumption of caffeine in response to insufficient sleep may impair the onset and maintenance of subsequent sleep. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of caffeine on the characteristics of night-time sleep, with the intent to identify the time after which caffeine should not be consumed prior to bedtime. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken with 24 studies included in the analysis.

Benchmarking two-body contributions to crystal lattice energies and a range-dependent assessment of approximate methods.

Using the many-body expansion to predict crystal lattice energies (CLEs), a pleasantly parallel process, allows for flexibility in the choice of theoretical methods. Benchmark-level two-body contributions to CLEs of 23 molecular crystals have been computed using interaction energies of dimers with minimum inter-monomer separations (i.e.

Mild to Moderate Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Adult Males.

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct rise in cortisol that occurs upon awakening that is thought to contribute to arousal, energy boosting, and anticipation. There is some evidence to suggest that inadequate sleep may alter the CAR, but the relationship between sleep duration and CAR has not been systematically examined. Healthy males ( = 111; age: 23.

Infections in people who inject drugs on the acute medical take.

People who inject drugs are disproportionately affected by acute/chronic bacterial and viral infections that are a cause of significant morbidity. Clinical presentations to the acute medical take vary from skin and soft tissue infections to complications of bacteraemias, and can be challenging with difficulties in adherence, pain management, early self-discharges and loss to follow-up.This review summarises the most recent UK epidemiology of injecting drug use and infection as well as clinical presentation and management.

The effect of mild to moderate sleep restriction on subjective hunger in healthy young men.

There is good evidence to indicate severe sleep restriction increases subjective feelings of hunger, but the impact of mild to moderate sleep restriction (i.e., 5-7 h) on hunger has not been systematically evaluated.

Effect of Medication Optimization vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among US Veterans With Chronic Low Back Pain Receiving Long-term Opioid Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Medication management and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are commonly used treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, little evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of these approaches.

Objective: To compare collaborative care medication optimization vs CBT on pain intensity, interference, and other pain-related outcomes.

Can we put the first night effect to bed? An analysis based on a large sample of healthy adults.

The 'first night effect' refers to individuals experiencing poorer sleep during their first night in a laboratory. The effect is attributed to sleeping in a new environment, as well as wearing electrodes on the head and face, and is often cited as a reason for including an adaptation night in sleep research protocols. However, in the time since the 'first night effect' was initially reported, the conditions and equipment used in modern sleep laboratories have changed considerably, which may reduce the 'first night effect.

A Week of Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect Nighttime Glucose Concentration in Healthy Adult Males When Slow-Wave Sleep Is Maintained.

The aim of this laboratory-based study was to examine the effect of sleep restriction on glucose regulation during nighttime sleep. Healthy males were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: 9 h in bed ( = 23, age = 24.0 year) or 5 h in bed ( = 18, age = 21.

Evaluating the Typical Day-to-Day Variability of WHOOP-Derived Heart Rate Variability in Olympic Water Polo Athletes.

Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) can be used to infer readiness to perform exercise in athletic populations. Advancements in the photoplethysmography technology of wearable devices such as WHOOP allow for the frequent and convenient measurement of HR and HRV, and therefore enhanced application in athletes. However, it is important that the reliability of such technology is acceptable prior to its application in practical settings.

A Validation of Six Wearable Devices for Estimating Sleep, Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults.

The primary aim of this study was to examine the validity of six commonly used wearable devices, i.e., Apple Watch S6, Garmin Forerunner 245 Music, Polar Vantage V, Oura Ring Generation 2, WHOOP 3.

The night before night shift: Chronotype impacts total sleep and rapid eye movement sleep during a strategically delayed sleep.

Transition to night shift may be improved by strategically delaying the main sleep preceding a first night shift. However, the effects of delayed timing on sleep may differ between chronotypes. Therefore, the study aim was to compare the impacts of chronotype on sleep quality and architecture during a normally timed sleep opportunity and a delayed sleep opportunity.

The Pain Outcomes Comparing Yoga vs. Structured Exercise (POYSE) Trial in Veterans With Fibromyalgia: Study Design and Methods.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a common pain condition that often leads to significant disability. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of most medications for fibromyalgia is limited, and there is a need for alternative, non-pharmacological therapies. Yoga and aerobic exercise are both evidence-based non-pharmacological treatments for fibromyalgia.

Sleep Regularity and Predictors of Sleep Efficiency and Sleep Duration in Elite Team Sport Athletes.

Background: Many elite athletes have suboptimal sleep duration and efficiency, potentially due to factors that may impact sleep onset and offset times. Variability in sleep onset and offset may negatively influence sleep. The sleep regularity index (SRI) is a novel metric for sleep regularity, however there are no published descriptions of SRI in elite athletes.