Modified abaxial approach for resection of the distal sesamoid bone and distal interphalangeal joint while preserving the digital flexor tendons of three Angus bulls with septic arthritis.

CASE DESCRIPTION 3 Angus bulls, aged 2 to 3 years, with severe lameness of 2 to 4 weeks' duration and swelling proximal to the coronary band of the affected limb were evaluated after failing to respond to antimicrobial treatment. CLINICAL FINDINGS Septic arthritis of a distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) was diagnosed in all 3 bulls on the basis of results of a physical examination, radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluations of the affected foot, and cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid from the affected DIPJ. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A novel modified abaxial approach was used to resect the infected distal sesamoid bone (navicular bone) and DIPJ of all 3 bulls.

An Update on the Assessment and Management of Pain Associated with Lameness in Cattle.

Lameness affects the cattle industry via both economic losses and welfare considerations. In addition to production deficits, the pain and distress associated with lameness have been documented. Evaluation and prevalence of lame cattle are among the primary factors in third-party welfare audit programs.

Surgical Procedures of the Distal Limb for Treatment of Sepsis in Cattle.

With a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the foot, and basic surgical instruments, digit surgery can be performed in field situations. Sepsis of the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints should be treated surgically because conservative treatment is often ineffective. Most of the diseases described in this article are chronic and often the animals have been suffering for some time.

Traumatic Lesions of the Sole.

Traumatic lesions of the sole are a common cause of lameness in beef and dairy cattle. This article provides a brief description of traumatically induced conditions with specific attention to underlying causes, treatment, and prevention. Lameness, traumatic lesions of the sole, sole punctures, thin soles, thin sole toe ulcers, toe tip necrosis syndrome, and toe abscesses are discussed.

Corkscrew Claw.

Corkscrew claw (CSC) is a conformational abnormality of the digit and affecting mostly but not exclusively the claws of the back leg, first reported during the 1950s in Dutch black and white cattle. The affected claws are longer and narrower than the claw and have an inward and upward spiral rotation of the toe. Similarly, the bearing surface of the wall is displaced inward.

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sole Ulcers and White Line Disease.

Sole ulcers and white line disease are 2 of the most common claw horn lesions in confined dairy cattle. Predisposing causes include unbalanced weight bearing, and metabolic, enzymatic, and hormonal changes. The white line serves as the junction between the sole and axial and abaxial wall.

Vesicopreputial anastomosis for the treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in goats.

Objective: To describe a novel surgical technique for the correction of recurrent obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.

Study Design: Clinical case series.

Animals: Castrated male goats (n = 4).

Modified proximal perineal urethrostomy technique for treatment of urethral stricture in goats.

Objective: To report a modified procedure for perineal urethrostomy (PU) in goats.

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Adult castrated male pet goats (n = 11) that had recurrence of urinary tract obstruction after one or more surgical procedures for obstructive urolithiasis.

Assessment and management of pain associated with lameness in cattle.

Lameness impacts the cattle industry in economic losses and welfare considerations. In addition to production deficits, pain and distress associated with lameness have been documented. The evaluation and prevalence of lame cattle is one of the primary factors in third-party welfare audit programs.

Clinical diagnosis of foot and leg lameness in cattle.

The causes of lameness in cattle are multifactorial and involve a combination of housing, management, and environmental factors and a variety of infectious agents. Arriving at a cause can often require concerted efforts. Diagnosis of lameness is often based mainly on clinical observations.

Lipid emboli in a Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa).

A 2-year-old, spayed female Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa) was evaluated due to polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, and hyporexia. The pig was obese, and a large abdominal mass was palpated. Additional findings included hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and an inflammatory leukogram.

Review of Pododermatitis circumscripta (ulceration of the sole) in dairy cows.

Sole ulcers are among the most frequent causes of lameness in dairy cattle. They are found most commonly in the hind lateral claw, are frequently bilateral, and have a high rate of reoccurrence. The pathogenesis of sole ulceration is primarily based on mechanical injury by the 3rd phalanx to the corium, basement membrane, and basal layers of the sole epidermis as a result of failure of the suspensory apparatus in the claw.

Effects of dexamethasone and isoflupredone acetate on plasma potassium concentrations and other biochemical measurements in dairy cows in early lactation.

Objective: To determine whether administration of isoflupredone acetate (ISO) to healthy cows increases the frequency of severe hypokalemia and whether dexamethasone (DEX) has detectable mineralocorticoid properties.

Animals: 33 cows at 20 to 25 days of lactation.

Procedures: Cows were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups and received 2 IM injections (on days 0 and 2) of sterile saline (0.

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of sheep experimentally infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of sheep experimentally infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium to treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Animals: 32 Merino crossbred sheep.

Procedures: 16 sheep were infected with E ruminantium; 8 of these were treated twice daily with a 10% solution of DMSO (1 g/kg, i.

Ultrasound measurement of sole horn thickness in trimmed claws of dairy cows.

Objective: To determine whether ultrasound could be used to measure sole horn thickness in dairy cattle after claw trimming with an adaptation of the Dutch method.

Design: Case series.

Animals: 24 adult Holstein dairy cows.