Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane Explantation for Ex Vivo Studies.

Efficient and minimally invasive drug delivery to the inner ear is a significant challenge. The round window membrane (RWM), being one of the few entry points to the inner ear, has become a vital focus of investigation. However, due to the complexities of isolating the RWM, our understanding of its pharmacokinetics remains limited.

ChatGPT vs. web search for patient questions: what does ChatGPT do better?

Purpose: Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to significantly impact how patients acquire medical information online. Here, we characterize the readability and appropriateness of ChatGPT responses to a range of patient questions compared to results from traditional web searches.

Methods: Patient questions related to the published Clinical Practice Guidelines by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery were sourced from existing online posts.

A Benchtop Round Window Model for Studying Magnetic Nanoparticle Transport to the Inner Ear.

Introduction: The round window membrane (RWM) presents a significant barrier to the local application of therapeutics to the inner ear. We demonstrate a benchtop preclinical RWM model and evaluate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as vehicles for magnetically assisted drug delivery.

Methods: Guinea pig RWM explants were inset into a 3D-printed dual chamber benchtop device.

Estimating the United States Patient Population Size Meeting Audiologic Candidacy for Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the size of the United States candidacy pool meeting expanded Center for Medicare Services criteria for cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Cochlear implantation in unilateral hearing loss: impact of short- to medium-term auditory deprivation.

Introduction: Single sided deafness (SSD) results in profound cortical reorganization that presents clinically with a significant impact on sound localization and speech comprehension. Cochlear implantation (CI) has been approved for two manufacturers' devices in the United States to restore bilateral function in SSD patients with up to 10 years of auditory deprivation. However, there is great variability in auditory performance and it remains unclear how auditory deprivation affects CI benefits within this 10-year window.

Longitudinal Performance of Cochlear Implants in Neurofibromatosis Type 2.

Objective: Cochlear implants (CIs) are a well-established treatment modality for hearing loss due to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Our aim is to investigate variables that affect longitudinal performance of CIs among patients with NF2.

Study Design: Retrospective review at a single academic institution consisting of patients who have received cochlear implants following hearing loss due to NF2.

Longitudinal Auditory Benefit for Elderly Patients After Cochlear Implant for Bilateral Hearing Loss, Including Those Meeting Expanded Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Criteria.

Objective: To examine the effect of patient age on longitudinal speech understanding outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in bilateral hearing loss.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic center.

Utilizing a Functional Lumen Imaging Probe for Evaluation of the Pediatric Airway, A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Accurate and reproducible measurements of the pediatric airway are critical for diagnostic evaluation and management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. The endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) is a catheter-based imaging probe which utilizes impedance planimetry to calculate luminal parameters, including cross-sectional area and compliance. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of this system for multidimensional evaluation of the pediatric airway.

Does reconstruction affect outcomes following exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: As exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors has become more widespread, high-quality outcomes data are lacking regarding the decision of when and how to reconstruct the medial orbital wall following resection. The goal of this study was to systematically review pertinent literature to assess clinical outcomes relative to orbital reconstruction practices.

Methods: Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science.

Reflecting on the COVID-19 Surgical Literature Surge: A Scoping Review of Pandemic Otolaryngology Publications.

Objective: To assess the high-volume 2020 COVID-19-related surgical literature, with special attention to otolaryngology articles in regard to content, level of evidence, citations, and public attention.

Study Design: A scoping literature review was performed with PubMed and Web of Science, including articles pertaining to COVID-19 and surgical specialties (March 20-May 19, 2020) or otolaryngologic subspecialties (March 20-December 31, 2020).

Setting: Scoping literature review.

Socioeconomic Factors Affect Presentation Stage and Survival in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: Socioeconomic factors affect oncologic outcome in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). However, the relationship between these factors and stage at presentation (SAP)-a critical, early point in the care cycle-is not known. This study sought to determine the role of race/ethnicity, treatment facility type, insurance status/carrier, and other socioeconomic factors in SAP and survival among patients with advanced SNSCC.

Predictors of Quality-of-Life Improvements Following Global Head and Neck Surgery Trips to Underserved Regions.

Objectives/hypothesis: To conduct longitudinal postoperative follow-up and discern health-related quality-of-life (HR-QoL) changes using a validated questionnaire among patients undergoing head and neck surgeries during a short-term, global surgical trip in a resource-limited setting. To identify clinicodemographic predictors of post-operative HR-QoL improvements in this setting.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study with prospective follow-up.

Exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) classification system was developed to standardize prospective outcome analysis following orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) resection. The goal of this study was to retroactively apply the CHEER system to all prior existing reports of endoscopic resection of primary benign orbital tumors (BOTs) to: (1) compare patient presentations, perioperative characteristics, and outcomes between OCH and other BOTs; and (2) determine whether the CHEER categorization regime could be expanded to other BOTs.

Methods: A systematic review of studies reporting exclusively endoscopic resections of OCH and other BOTs (eg, solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma, and meningioma) was performed.

Infection After Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Incidence and Implications.

Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is an increasingly common procedure performed by otolaryngologists. While EN-DCR has a high rate of success at relieving blockage of the lacrimal system, little is known regarding associated postoperative infection (POI) rates and risk factors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative orbital and rhinologic infection in a large cohort of patients undergoing EN-DCR.

Rate and Factors Associated With Change in Surgeon for Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: A subset of patients will undergo revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with a different otolaryngologist than the one who performed their primary surgery. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence of and clinicodemographic factors associated with a change in surgeon for revision ESS.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Incidence and Predictive Factors for Additional Opioid Prescription after Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery.

 Postoperative pain management and opioid use following endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is not well understood. A subset of patients requires additional opioid prescription (AOP) in the postoperative period. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of AOP, as well as evaluate patient and surgical characteristics that may predict additional pain management requirements following ESBS.

B Cells Improve Overall Survival in HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Are Activated by Radiation and PD-1 Blockade.

Purpose: To characterize the role of B cells on human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cancer patient outcomes and determine the effects of radiation and PD-1 blockade on B-cell populations.

Experimental Design: Tumor RNA-sequencing data from over 800 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical cancer, including a prospective validation cohort, was analyzed to study the impact of B-cell gene expression on overall survival (OS). A novel murine model of HPV HNSCC was used to study the effects of PD-1 blockade and radiotherapy on B-cell activation, differentiation, and clonality including analysis by single-cell RNA-sequencing and B-cell receptor (BCR)-sequencing.

Follow-Up Adherence Is Associated with Outcomes After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background: Clinical follow-up after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) allows for assessment of the sinonasal cavity, debridement, and tailoring of medical therapies. Frequency and timing of postoperative clinical visits is debated, but the impact of adherence on disease-specific outcomes is not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we assessed the association between follow-up adherence and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in the 12 months after ESS.

Targeting Viral DNA and Promoter Hypermethylation in Salivary Rinses for Recurrent HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Objective: The incidence and survivorship of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are increasing. Presence of HPV DNA and epigenetic alterations in salivary rinses are independently associated with clinical prognosis. We evaluated the utility of a combined panel in detecting disease recurrence during surveillance.

Impact of margin status on survival after surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is the most common malignancy of the paranasal sinuses. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, yet positive surgical margins (PSM) are common and the prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) is mixed. Given the heterogeneity of impact of PSM on OS within the literature, we hypothesized that extent of tumor extirpation (microscopic PSM vs macroscopic PSM) may play a role in OS.

Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018.

Background: The effect of concussions on professional athletes has been investigated in many sports. However, few studies have evaluated concussions in National Basketball Association (NBA) players.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that concussion incidence has increased, yet the return-to-play (RTP) rate will remain high following the institution of the NBA concussion policy (NBACP).

Socioeconomic and demographic determinants of postoperative outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Socioeconomic and demographic factors have a significant impact on healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes. The effect of these variables on baseline symptom severity and quality of life (QOL) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not well established. Our goal was to investigate the association of sociodemographic factors on QOL before and after ESS, as reflected by the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score.

Incidence and predictive factors for additional opioid prescription after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Excessive postoperative opioid prescription is a source of prescription diversion in the United States opioid crisis and may contribute to chronic opioid use. Efficient prescription by the surgeon can mitigate opioid abuse and improve postoperative pain control. In this study we sought to better characterize the incidence and predictive baseline characteristics associated with the need for additional opioid prescription after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis.