Salivary epidermal growth factor concentrations in patients with Sjögren syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Sjögren syndrome was chosen as a clinical model to study acinar salivary deficiencies in the development of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The objective of this prospective cohort study was to compare salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations of patients with Sjögren syndrome with and without LPR and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with normal controls. LPR was diagnosed with positive scores on the Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux and Reflux Finding Score, corroborated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and/or 24-hour pH-metry.

Weather and children's physical activity; how and why do relationships vary between countries?

Background: Globally most children do not engage in enough physical activity. Day length and weather conditions have been identified as determinants of physical activity, although how they may be overcome as barriers is not clear. We aim to examine if and how relationships between children's physical activity and weather and day length vary between countries and identify settings in which children were better able to maintain activity levels given the weather conditions they experienced.

Do Dynamic Fat and Fat-Free Mass Changes follow Theoretical Driven Rules in Athletes?

Introduction: Maximizing fat mass (FM) loss while preserving or increasing fat-free mass (FFM) is a central goal for athletic performance but the composition of body weight (BW) changes over time with training are largely unknown.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze FM and FFM contributions to BW changes and to test if these contributions follow established rules and predictions over one athletic season.

Methods: Seventy athletes (42 men; handball, volleyball, basketball, triathlon, and swimming) were evaluated from the beginning to the competitive stage of the season and were empirically divided into those who lost (n = 20) or gained >1.

Energy Balance over One Athletic Season.

Introduction: Magnitude and variation in energy balance (EB) components over an athletic season are largely unknown.

Purpose: We investigated the longitudinal changes in EB over one season and explored the association between EB variation and change in the main fat-free mass (FFM) components in highly trained athletes.

Methods: Eighty athletes (54 males; handball, volleyball, basketball, triathlete, and swimming) were evaluated from the beginning of the season to the main competition stage.

Sedentary Patterns, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Association to Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor for type-2 diabetes (T2D), with a negative impact on several physiological outcomes, whereas breaks in sedentary time (BST) have been proposed as a viable solution to mitigate some of these effects. However, little is known about the independent associations of sedentary pursuits, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) variables with glycemic control. We investigated the independent associations of total sedentary time, BST, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and CRF with glycemic outcomes in patients with T2D.

Effect of Resistance Training Systems on Oxidative Stress in Older Women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different resistance training (RT) systems on oxidative stress biomarkers in older women. Fifty-nine older women (67.9 ± 5.

Birth weight, biological maturation and obesity in adolescents: a mediation analysis.

This study was aimed to investigate associations between birth weight and multiple adiposity indicators in youth, and to examine potential mediating effects by biological maturation. This was a school-based study involving 981 Brazilian adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. Birth weight was reported retrospectively by mothers.

Resistance training prescription with different load-management methods improves phase angle in older women.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different resistance training (RT) prescription methods on phase angle (PA) in older women. Seventy-six older women (68.5 ± 5.

Family history of cardiovascular disease and parental lifestyle behaviors are associated with offspring cardiovascular disease risk markers in childhood.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease risk markers have become more prevalent in childhood. To provide increased understanding of the etiology of this public health issue, we investigated associations between family characteristics with cardiovascular disease risk markers in adolescents from a developing nation.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study data for fasting glucose, lipoproteins (LDL-C and HDL-C), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were collected from 991 adolescents aged 10-17 who were recruited from public schools in Londrina city, Southern Brazil.

Associations of Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity with Biomarkers in Youth.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) conveys known cardiometabolic benefits to youth, but the contribution of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) to these benefits is unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine (a) the associations between VPA and cardiometabolic biomarkers independent of moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and time sedentary and (b) the accelerometer cut point that best represents the threshold for health-promoting VPA in youth.

Methods: Data from the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) were analyzed in 2015.

Sedentary patterns, physical activity and health-related physical fitness in youth: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Strong evidence indicates that moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with fitness in youth, independent of total sedentary-time. Sedentary-time appears negatively associated with fitness only when it replaces MVPA. However, whether different sedentary-patterns affect health-related fitness is unknown.

Novel CD28 antagonist mPEG PV1-Fab' mitigates experimental autoimmune uveitis by suppressing CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ production.

Autoimmune Uveitis is an important chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness. This ocular autoimmune disorder is mainly mediated by T CD4+ lymphocytes poising a TH1 phenotype. Costimulatory molecules are known to play an important role on T cell activation and therefore represent interesting therapeutical targets for autoimmune disorders.

Astrocytic Expression of the Immunoreceptor CD300f Protects Hippocampal Neurons from Amyloid-β Oligomer Toxicity In Vitro.

Background: Astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammation that accompanies neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this sense, the toxicity of these diseases might be attenuated through the modulation of astrocytic inflammatory responses. Recently, the CD300f immunoreceptor was described as a new member of the CD300 immunoreceptor family, showing promising modulatory properties.

Comparison of immunohematological profile between endurance- and power-oriented elite athletes.

There is general perception that elite athletes are highly susceptible to changes in immunohematological profile. The objective of this study was to compare immunohematological parameters of elite athletes of different aerobic and muscular strength sports and analyze changes over 2 months. Sixteen judoists and 14 swimmers were evaluated 2 months before (M1) and immediately prior to competition (M2).

Usefulness of motion sensors to estimate energy expenditure in children and adults: a narrative review of studies using DLW.

It is well documented that meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines of 150 min per week is protective against chronic disease, and this is likely explained by higher energy expenditure (EE). In opposition, sedentary behavior (low EE) seems to impair health outcomes. There are gold standard methods to measure EE such as the doubly labeled water (DLW) or calorimetry.

Compensatory Changes in Energy Balance Regulation over One Athletic Season.

Purpose: Mechanisms in energy balance (EB) regulation may include compensatory changes in energy intake (EI) and metabolic adaption (MA), but information is unavailable in athletes who often change EB components. We aim to investigate EB regulation compensatory mechanisms over one athletic season.

Methods: Fifty-seven athletes (39 males/18 females; handball, volleyball, basketball, triathlon, and swimming) were evaluated from the beginning to the competitive phase of the season.

Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Surveillance Through Accelerometer Pooling in Four European Countries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to pool, harmonise and re-analyse national accelerometer data from adults in four European countries in order to describe population levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity.

Methods: Five cross-sectional studies were included from England, Portugal, Norway and Sweden. ActiGraph accelerometer count data were centrally processed using the same algorithms.

Sarcopenia and physical independence in older adults: the independent and synergic role of muscle mass and muscle function.

Background: The loss of skeletal muscle mass (MM) or muscle function (MF) alone increases the risk for losing physical independence in older adults. We aimed to examine the independent and synergic associations of low MM and low MF, both criteria of sarcopenia, with the risk for losing projected physical independence in later life (+90 years old).

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 3493 non-institutionalized older adults (1166 males).

Muscular fitness and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents: Results from LabMed Physical Activity Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between muscular fitness and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate the relationship between muscular fitness and selected clustered inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents (267 girls) aged 12-18 years. Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed MF.

Results From Portugal's 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

Background: This article describes the procedures and development of the first Portuguese Report Card on Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents.

Methods: Comprehensive searches for data related to indicators of physical activity (PA) were completed by a committee of physical activity and sports specialists. Grades were assigned to each indicator consistent with the process and methodology outlined by the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card model.

Hypertrophy-type Resistance Training Improves Phase Angle in Young Adult Men and Women.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a hypertrophy-type resistance training protocol on phase angle, an indicator of cellular integrity, in young adult men and women. 28 men (22.2±4.

Cut-off values for classifying active children and adolescentes using the Physical Activity Questionnaire: PAQ-C and PAQ-ACut-off values for classifying active children and adolescents using the Physical Activity Questionnaire: PAQ-C and PAQ-A.

Introduction: The Physical Activity Questionnaire for children and adolescents (PAQ-C & PAQ-A) has been widely used in research and field settings. However, there is a lack of information about its final score meaning.

Objective: To determine PAQ-C and PAQ-A score cut-off values using physical activity (PA) thresholds objectively measured as reference criteria.

Analysis of cytokine profile and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma obtained by open systems and commercial columns.

Objective:: To evaluate growth factors and cytokines in samples of platelet-rich plasma obtained by three different centrifugation methods.

Methods:: Peripheral blood of six individuals with no hematological diseases, aged 18 to 68 years, was drawn to obtain platelet-rich plasma, using the open method and commercial columns by Medtronic and Biomet. The products obtained with the different types of centrifugation were submitted to laboratory analysis, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by flow cytometry assays, the concentration of fibroblast growth factors-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1).

Physical Activity and Pediatric Obesity: A Quantile Regression Analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were independently associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents.

Methods: Data from the International Children's Accelerometry Database were used to address our objectives (N = 11,115; 6-18 yr; 51% female). We calculated age- and gender-specific BMI and WC z-scores and used accelerometry to estimate MVPA and total SB.