Cp40-mediated complement C3 inhibition dampens inflammasome activation and inflammatory mediators storm induced by Bitis arietans venom.

The complement system plays a crucial role in various pathophysiological conditions, including snake envenomation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bitis arietans venom on the complement system using an ex vivo human whole blood model. Our findings demonstrate that B.

Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.

A post-pandemic snapshot of the magnitude of COVID-19 in Brazil: A countrywide study.

Objective: To outline the features of COVID-19 in Brazil through a countrywide telephone survey.

Methods: Data from the Telephone Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases During the Pandemic (Covitel), a telephone survey of individuals aged 18 years or older from all macro-regions of Brazil, were used. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and outcomes related to COVID-19 infection, severity, vaccination, and use of masks.

COVID-19 diagnosis and hospital admissions in Brazil: a countrywide survey (Covitel, 2022).

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospital admissions, and to evaluate their correlates in a nationwide Brazilian sample.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data from the Telephone Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Times of Pandemic - Covitel 2022. The Covitel study uses cluster sampling, carried out through random digit dialing on landlines and cell phones, among people aged 18 years or over.

Water intake in athletes: Agreement between food records and isotope-dilution methods.

Background: Although water intake (WI) is commonly estimated through self-reporting, its inaccuracy is reported. Water turnover (rHO)-derived WI is the reference method; however, it is costly. The study aimed to validate alternative methods for determining WI in a group of athletes.

Resistance training improves cardiac function in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

This investigation aimed to determine the effects of 24 weeks of resistance training (RT) on cardiac function in older women. Seventy-three physically independent older women were selected for this investigation. Participants were randomized into a training group (TG, n = 38) and a control group (CG, n = 35).

Assessment of exercise-induced dehydration in underhydrated athletes: Which method shows the most promise?

Background & Aims: Athletes are commonly exposed to exercise-induced dehydration. However, the best method to detect dehydration under this circumstance is not clear. This study aimed to analyze pre- and post-dehydration measurements of biomarkers, including saliva osmolality (SOsm), urine osmolality (UOsm), urine-specific gravity (USG), urine color (Ucolor), serum osmolality (SeOsm), serum arginine vasopressin (AVP), serum sodium (Na), and thirst sensation in underhydrated athletes, using the body mass loss (BML) as the reference method.

The Ex-Timing trial: evaluating morning, afternoon, and evening exercise on the circadian clock in individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity-a randomized crossover study protocol.

Background: Exercise is known to provide multiple metabolic benefits such as improved insulin sensitivity and glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those at risk. Beyond the traditional exercise dose, exercise timing is perceived as a contemporary hot topic, especially in the field of T2DM; however, the number of intervention studies assessing exercise timing and glucose metabolism is scarce. Our aim is to test the effect of exercise timing (i.

Intimate partner violence against adolescent girls: regional and national prevalence estimates and associated country-level factors.

Background: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem and negatively affects short-term and long-term health, development, and wellbeing of adolescent girls. Global estimates from WHO have shown that adolescent girls aged 15-19 years experience high rates of intimate partner violence. We aimed to estimate the lifetime and past-year prevalence and patterns of physical or sexual intimate partner violence against adolescent girls by male partners across 161 countries and areas, and to examine the country-level factors, including the prevalence of child marriage, associated with the lifetime and past-year prevalence of intimate partner violence in this age group.

Global prevalence of non-partner sexual violence against women.

Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern, with serious implications for women's physical and mental health. Reducing non-partner sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault and other forms of non-contact sexual abuse, is one of the main indicators of the sustainable development goals. World Health Organization estimates, based on available prevalence data from 137 countries between 2000 and 2018, showed that, globally, 6% of women aged 15-49 years reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime from someone other than an intimate partner, with prevalence rates varying across regions.

The contribution of intimate partner violence to vertical HIV transmission: a modelling analysis of 46 African countries.

Background: Addressing gender inequities could be key to the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV. Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) might be at an increased risk of vertical transmission due to their vulnerability to HIV acquisition and barriers to access to and retention in care. Sub-Saharan Africa, where IPV burden is among the highest globally, accounts for most new paediatric HIV infections.

Does acute dehydration affect the neuromuscular function in healthy adults?-a systematic review.

The effects of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function have been studied. However, whether the mechanisms underpinning such function are central or peripheral is still being determined, and the results are inconsistent. This systematic review aims to elucidate the influence of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function, including a novel aspect of investigating the central and peripheral neuromuscular mechanisms.

The usefulness of total body protein mass models for adolescent athletes.

The present study aimed to assess the utility of a less laborious technique for estimating total body protein (TBPro) in young athletes, using a multicomponent model as the criterion method. A total of 88 (49 boys and 39 girls) adolescent athletes (age: 15.2 ± 1.

Dietary content and combined training, but not daily physical activity, are associated with 6-month bone mineral changes in adolescents with obesity: A Secondary analysis of the PAC-MAnO trial.

Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the influence of diet and physical activity (PA) changes on bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) alterations in adolescents with obesity undergoing a weight loss program.

Methods: Six-month longitudinal data from 71 adolescents (aged 15.1 [± 1.

Randomised pilot and feasibility trial of a group intervention for men who perpetrate intimate partner violence against women.

Background: There is a need for robust evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of domestic abuse perpetrator programmes in reducing abusive behaviour and improving wellbeing for victim/survivors. While any randomised controlled trial can present difficulties in terms of recruitment and retention, conducting such a trial with domestic abuse perpetrators is particularly challenging. This paper reports the pilot and feasibility trial of a voluntary domestic abuse perpetrator group programme in the United Kingdom.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness correlates in youth: A hierarchy of behavioral, contextual, and health-related outcomes.

Objectives: Despite the health importance of identifying correlates of physical fitness in youth, no investigation to date has explored the influence of behavioral, health-related, and contextual correlates simultaneously. We investigated the hierarchical relationship of multiple modifiable correlates favoring or diminishing cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in youth.

Design: Cross-sectional investigation.

How to design and establish a national school-based physical fitness monitoring and surveillance system for children and adolescents: A 10-step approach recommended by the FitBack network.

Background: Providing individual- and population-level data on children's physical fitness (PF) is a crucial public health and education priority. However, few national fitness monitoring or surveillance systems are currently in practice internationally. We aim to summarize the current European PF monitoring and surveillance systems for school-aged children and to provide experience-based guidelines on how to design such systems.

H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes.

We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes' neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach.

Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSF = (FM/(BMC + LM + FM)) × 100.

Interindividual variability in energy intake and expenditure during a weight loss intervention.

Introduction: Behavioral compensations may occur as a response to a negative energy balance. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between changes in energy intake (EI) and changes in physical activity (PA, min/day; kcal/d) as a response to a weight loss (WL) intervention and to understand if interindividual differences occur in EI and energy expenditure (EE).

Methods: Eighty-one participants [mean (SD): age = 42.

The impact of body composition on the degree of misreporting of food diaries.

Background/objectives: Accurate assessments of energy intake (EI) are needed in lifestyle interventions to guarantee a negative energy balance (EB), thereby losing weight. This study aimed (1) to compare objectively measured and self-reported EI and (2) to determine the predictors of underreporting divided by sex, adiposity and BMI category.

Methods: Seventy-three participants [mean (SD): 43.