Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived postbiotic alters gut microbiome metabolism in the human distal colon resulting in immunomodulatory potential .

The yeast-based postbiotic EpiCor is a well-studied formulation, consisting of a complex mixture of bioactive molecules. In clinical studies, EpiCor postbiotic has been shown to reduce intestinal symptoms in a constipated population and support mucosal defense in healthy subjects. Anti-inflammatory potential and butyrogenic properties have been reported , suggesting a possible link between EpiCor's gut modulatory activity and immunomodulation.

Feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation postbiotic products alters immune function and the lung transcriptome of preweaning calves with an experimental viral-bacterial coinfection.

Bovine respiratory disease causes morbidity and mortality in cattle of all ages. Supplementing with postbiotic products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation (SCFP) has been reported to improve growth and provide metabolic support required for immune activation in calves. The objective of this study was to determine effects of SCFP supplementation on the transcriptional response to coinfection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Pasteurella multocida in the lung using RNA sequencing.

Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Laminate Veneers Fabricated with Five Intraoral Scanners and Indirect Digitization.

The long-term success of ceramic laminate veneers (CLVs) is influenced by the marginal and internal fit of the restorations. However, studies comparing the fit of CLVs using different intraoral scanners or the indirect digitization technique are lacking. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM-milled CLVs using different intraoral scanners and the indirect digitalization technique.

fermentation product improves robustness of equine gut microbiome upon stress.

Introduction: Nutritional and environmental stressors can disturb the gut microbiome of horses which may ultimately decrease their health and performance. We hypothesized that supplementation with a yeast-derived postbiotic ( fermentation product-SCFP) would benefit horses undergoing an established model of stress due to prolonged transportation.

Methods: Quarter horses ( = 20) were blocked based on sex, age (22 ± 3 mo) and body weight (439 ± 3 kg) and randomized to receive either a basal diet of 60% hay and 40% concentrate (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 21 g/d Diamond V TruEquine C (SCFP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) for 60 days.

A Rare Case of Metastatic Glioblastoma Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Transbronchial Needle Aspiration.

Glioblastoma is a common primary brain tumor that has a high mortality rate. Reports of intrathoracic metastases are uncommon, with the most commonly reported site for metastases are the lung and pleura. However, involvement of the mediastinum is not well documented, and few reports of confirmed mediastinal metastases diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) exist.

A Rare Case of Rapid Onset Thrombocytopenia Induced by Piperacillin/Tazobactam in a Liver Transplant Recipient.

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a relatively common clinical condition. However, acute thrombocytopenia after initiation of piperacillin/tazobactam is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. The mechanism by which it happens is still unclear but it is thought to be immune-mediated.

Leifsonia Species Bacteremia in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Difficult-to-Identify Organism.

is an environmental gram-positive rods bacteria. Infections due to are not common. In this report, we present a case of a hemodialysis patient with bacteremia.

Castleman's Disease with Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm: A Rare Presentation of Behçet's Disease.

Diagnosing Behcet's disease (BD) in a patient already diagnosed with Castelman's disease (CD) is rare. There are only a few cases reported in the literature and all of them were diagnosed as BD prior to the patient experiencing symptoms and signs of CD. We present a patient who was initially diagnosed as having CD.

Experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy treatment in advanced cervical cancer: results from a hospital in Argentina.

Objective: To describe our experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy with weekly cisplatin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Methods: Forty-three patients were identified between January 2009 and December 2015. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and data on patient characteristics, tumour, treatment and toxicities were collected and analysed.

Genotype-by-Environment-by-Environment Interactions in the Transcriptomic Response to Alcohols and Anaerobiosis.

Next generation biofuels including longer-chain alcohols such as butanol are attractive as renewable, high-energy fuels. A barrier to microbial production of butanols is the increased toxicity compared to ethanol; however, the cellular targets and microbial defense mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially under anaerobic conditions used frequently in industry. Here we took a comparative approach to understand the response of to 1-butanol, isobutanol, or ethanol, across three genetic backgrounds of varying tolerance in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Natural Variation in the Multidrug Efflux Pump Underlies Ionic Liquid Tolerance in Yeast.

Imidazolium ionic liquids (IILs) have a range of biotechnological applications, including as pretreatment solvents that extract cellulose from plant biomass for microbial fermentation into sustainable bioenergy. However, residual levels of IILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([CCim]Cl), are toxic to biofuel-producing microbes, including the yeast strains isolated from diverse ecological niches differ in genomic sequence and in phenotypes potentially beneficial for industrial applications, including tolerance to inhibitory compounds present in hydrolyzed plant feedstocks. We evaluated >100 genome-sequenced strains for tolerance to [CCim]Cl and identified one strain with exceptional tolerance.

Genetic background effects in quantitative genetics: gene-by-system interactions.

Proper cell function depends on networks of proteins that interact physically and functionally to carry out physiological processes. Thus, it seems logical that the impact of sequence variation in one protein could be significantly influenced by genetic variants at other loci in a genome. Nonetheless, the importance of such genetic interactions, known as epistasis, in explaining phenotypic variation remains a matter of debate in genetics.

Frontal sinus ontogeny and covariation with bone structures in a modern human population.

In humans, the frontal sinus (FS) is located in the medial part of the supraorbital region, sometimes expanded throughout the frontal squama. It exhibits high morphological variability, but its general form appears to be constrained by surrounding structures. The goal of this study is to analyze FS growth and test for covariation between FS volume and the glabellar region, upper nasal region, bone thickness and endocranial size in a human sample from Argentina.

Genome-wide association across Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains reveals substantial variation in underlying gene requirements for toxin tolerance.

Cellulosic plant biomass is a promising sustainable resource for generating alternative biofuels and biochemicals with microbial factories. But a remaining bottleneck is engineering microbes that are tolerant of toxins generated during biomass processing, because mechanisms of toxin defense are only beginning to emerge. Here, we exploited natural diversity in 165 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from diverse geographical and ecological niches, to identify mechanisms of hydrolysate-toxin tolerance.

Complex pattern of variation in neurocranial ontogeny revealed by CT-scanning.

The neurocranium of hominid species has been largely studied with reference to the midsagittal plane, with variations being attributed to brain evolution. By contrast, there is limited information on variation in non-midsagittal regions, which are the points of insertion of muscles and bony structures related to mastication. This work aims to analyze ontogenetic changes and sexual dimorphism (SD) in midsagittal and non-midsagittal neurocranial structures from a contemporary human sample comprising 138 computed tomography (CT) cranial images of individuals ranging from infants to adults.

Incorporating comparative genomics into the design-test-learn cycle of microbial strain engineering.

Engineering microbes with new properties is an important goal in industrial engineering, to establish biological factories for production of biofuels, commodity chemicals and pharmaceutics. But engineering microbes to produce new compounds with high yield remains a major challenge toward economically viable production. Incorporating several modern approaches, including synthetic and systems biology, metabolic modeling and regulatory rewiring, has proven to significantly advance industrial strain engineering.

Health education to diabetic patients before the start of Ramadan: Experience from a teaching hospital in Dammam.

Background And Objective: Studies have shown that pre-Ramadan structured educational program for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is beneficial. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the degree of adherence of treating physicians to such programs and their influence on the patient's knowledge and behavior.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on adult patients with DM attending a university hospital, who were observed while fasting during Ramadan 1436/2015.

Hybridization and adaptive evolution of diverse species for cellulosic biofuel production.

Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a common resource across the globe, and its fermentation offers a promising option for generating renewable liquid transportation fuels. The deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass releases sugars that can be fermented by microbes, but these processes also produce fermentation inhibitors, such as aromatic acids and aldehydes. Several research projects have investigated lignocellulosic biomass fermentation by the baker's yeast .

Correction: Directed Evolution Reveals Unexpected Epistatic Interactions That Alter Metabolic Regulation and Enable Anaerobic Xylose Use by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

Directed Evolution Reveals Unexpected Epistatic Interactions That Alter Metabolic Regulation and Enable Anaerobic Xylose Use by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The inability of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert xylose from plant biomass into biofuels remains a major challenge for the production of renewable bioenergy. Despite extensive knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling carbon metabolism in yeast, little is known about how to reprogram S. cerevisiae to ferment xylose at rates comparable to glucose.

Leveraging Genetic-Background Effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae To Improve Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate Tolerance.

Unlabelled: A major obstacle to sustainable lignocellulosic biofuel production is microbe inhibition by the combinatorial stresses in pretreated plant hydrolysate. Chemical biomass pretreatment releases a suite of toxins that interact with other stressors, including high osmolarity and temperature, which together can have poorly understood synergistic effects on cells. Improving tolerance in industrial strains has been hindered, in part because the mechanisms of tolerance reported in the literature often fail to recapitulate in other strain backgrounds.

Genome Sequence and Analysis of a Stress-Tolerant, Wild-Derived Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Used in Biofuels Research.

The genome sequences of more than 100 strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been published. Unfortunately, most of these genome assemblies contain dozens to hundreds of gaps at repetitive sequences, including transposable elements, tRNAs, and subtelomeric regions, which is where novel genes generally reside. Relatively few strains have been chosen for genome sequencing based on their biofuel production potential, leaving an additional knowledge gap.

Computer-aided sperm analysis: a useful tool to evaluate patient's response to varicocelectomy.

Preoperative and postoperative sperm parameter values from infertile men with varicocele were analyzed by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) to assess if sperm characteristics improved after varicocelectomy. Semen samples of men with proven fertility (n = 38) and men with varicocele-related infertility (n = 61) were also analyzed. Conventional semen analysis was performed according to WHO (2010) criteria and a CASA system was employed to assess kinetic parameters and sperm concentration.