Insights into Human Cystic Echinococcosis in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Characteristics and Molecular Identification of Cysts.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected worldwide distributed parasitic disease caused by the Echinococcusgranulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex.

The correlation of antioxidant levels of breast cancer: A case controlled study.

Many free radicles are implicated to activate a number of oncogenic signaling, cause damage to deoxyribonucleic acid and tumor suppressor genes, or promote expression of proto-oncogenes. Reduced level of antioxidants and increases oxidative stress markers are associated with the development of various types of cancer.This prospective study included 60 women who were grouped into equal groups.

Hydatid cyst of the ovary - a very rare type of cystic ovarian lesion: A case report.

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic condition caused by the adult or the larval stages of tapeworms belonging to the species or less commonly . The presentation depends on the site of involvement. Many cases are not symptomatic and may be discovered accidentally.

Strangulated small-bowel internal hernia through a defect in the broad ligament of the uterus presenting as acute intestinal obstruction: A case report.

Background: Internal hernias rarely lead to bowel obstruction; they are caused by a natural or unnatural opening within the peritoneal cavity. Defects in the broad ligament are extremely rare. Patients present with features of intestinal obstruction and most cases are diagnosed during surgery.

Gallbladder agenesis: An accidental finding during laparotomy for hepatic tumor.

Background: Anomalies of the biliary system are frequently encountered. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a rare. The exact incidence is not known as most cases are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during surgeries for unrelated conditions or at autopsy.

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma: A very rare cause for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Case report with review of literature.

Introduction: Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare tumors mainly arises from the second part of the duodenum. The tumor is generally benign, but some cases are associated with lymph node or distant metastasis. It must be differentiated from other tumors.

P53 expression and micro-vessel density in relation with 5-year survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancers are among the commonest causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adenomatous polyps which develop dysplastic changes are the main cause of invasive cancer. P53 inactivation is a key genetic step in the occurrence of cancer.

Gastro-colo-bronchial fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; case report.

Obesity and its related comorbidities is a major health problem worldwide. Sleeve gastrectomy is regarded to be one of the most effective bariatric surgeries with a relatively low risks of complications. Gastrobronchial fistula is an extremely rare and a serious complication after bariatric surgeries, it is associated with major morbidity.

Agenesis of the gall bladder, an unexpected finding during laparoscopy; case report.

Congenital agenesis of the gall bladder is a very rare ranging from 0.02% to 0.002% in clinical practice.

Two Concomitant Right Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerves Encountered During Thyroidectomy (Type 4 Course): Reported for the First Time.

Introduction: The recurrent laryngeal nerve gains its name because after branching from the vagus nerve, it turns superiorly (recur) around the subclavian artery on the right and around the ligamentum arteriosum on the left, the nonrecurrent nerve has a straight direct course to the larynx and doesn't follow this course. It presents mostly on the right side. The presence of this variation places the nerve at higher risk of injury during neck surgery especially thyroid operations.

Metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast to the endometrium presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding; Case report.

Metastatic cancer to the female genital organs is a very rare clinical presentation. The myometrium is more frequently affected than the endometrium. Prolonged use of tamoxifen has been found to be associated with endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyp formation, and the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma in some cases.

Esophageal stricture as a complication of stent placement for leak after sleeve gastrectomy.

Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 30. Weight loss improves the quality of life and alleviates or even treats some obesity-related comorbidities with general improvement in the quality of life. Sleeve gastrectomy results in major reduction of the size of the stomach and decreases the sense of hunger due to various hormonal and neuronal pathways.

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava presenting as deep venous thrombosis; case report.

Primary tumors arising from the inferior vena cava are extremely rare, leiomyosarcoma is the most common one arising from the smooth muscle cells in the media of the wall of the vena cava. A 42-year-old lady had epigastric pain and back pain for 4 months with signs of deep vein thrombosis of the right lower limb. CT-scan showed a mass related to the inferior vena cava which was proved by histopathological examination to be leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.

Abdomen cocoon causing chronic abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction; a case series.

Unlabelled: Abdomen cocoon is a rare disease in which a thick peritoneal membrane wraps the intestine causing the bowel loops to adhere to each other. It may be either primary(idiopathic) or secondary to other causes like previous abdominal surgery. Most patients present with abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the pancreas presented as massive hematemesis.

Introduction: Hemangioendotheliomas are vascular tumors characterized by the presence of an "epithelioid" or "histiocytoid" endothelial cell. They consist of blood filled spaces mixed with cellular areas that mostly occur in the liver, but other organs can be affected. These lesions cause a wide spectrum of clinical presentations depending on the organ involved.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for left-sided gall bladder in situs inversus totalis patient, a technically demanding procedure.

Situs inversus is a condition in which the anatomical viscera are placed in a reverse anatomical location, it may be partial affecting the thoracic organs or the abdominal organs, or total affecting both. A 28-year-old man who was a known case of situs inversus totalis presented with epigastric pain and left hypochondrial pain. ultrasound revealed multiple gall stones in a left-sided gall bladder, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done successfully for him with no complications.

Enormous gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the stomach causing weight loss and anemia in an elderly female: Case report.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract originating from the interstitial cell of Cajal. The presentation is variable depending on the size and site. CT scan is the most widely used imaging.

Intra-peritoneal rupture of large hydatid cyst of the liver containing innumerable daughter cysts after blunt abdominal trauma.

Introduction: Hydatid disease is a major health concern in the Mediterranean countries and many other parts of the world. The route of transmission is fecal-oral, and then spread by the portal venous system almost all part of the body. The liver is the most commonly involved organ, followed by the lungs, and other organs are involved in order of decreasing frequency.

Surgical excision of a giant pedunculated hydatid cyst of the liver.

Hydatid disease is caused by a tape worm that lives in the intestines of the definitive host which is the dog or other carnivore. Human is the accidental intermediate host and become infected by ingesting contaminated vegetables or water with the eggs of the parasite. A-37-year old male presented with right side abdominal pain for 2 months.

Limy bile (Milk of calcium bile) associated with gall stones discovered incidentally during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Introduction: Limy bile is very rare condition in which the gall bladder is filled with a whitish material formed mainly of calcium carbonate. It may be associated with gall stones and present with epigastric and right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and jaundice. The diagnosis is easily made during radiology showing opacification of the gallbladder or the bile ducts on plain abdominal X-rays and CT-scan.

Hydatid cyst of the calf presenting as painless mass: A case report.

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted to the human by ingesting the eggs of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, it most commonly affects the liver but every organ could be affected, musculoskeletal system involvement occurs in 0.5-4% of patients. Most patients present as soft tissue mass in the affected muscle.

Migrated intrauterine device presented as anterior abdominal wall abscess.

The migrated intrauterine contraceptive device can cause various presentations depending on the location, some may have late presentations like our case presenting after 5 years and after pregnancy and delivery by cesarean section. A 34-year-old lady had painful suprapubic mass for 1-week, with fever. She had history of intrauterine device (IUD) placed before 5 years.

Duplicated gall bladder with gall bladder polyp presenting with cholecystitis: Case report with literature review.

Introduction: Gall bladder anomalies may be in the form of abnormalities in the shape, position, or number. It could be true duplication being completely separated or Y-shaped being united with single cystic duct.

Presentation Of Case: A 38-year-old lady presented with frequent attacks of right hypochondrial pain for the last 4 months.

Acute necrotising gastritis in a 14-year-old girl.

A 14-year-old female patient presented with acute generalised abdominal pain and two attacks of non-bilious vomiting for 2 days. She visited the emergency department and at presentation she was pale, dyspnaeic and there was no jaundice. Abdominal examination showed moderate abdominal distension with generalised abdominal tenderness.

Ingested metallic foreign body impacted in the vermiform appendix presenting as acute appendicitis: Case report.

Introduction: Ingestion of foreign bodies and their impaction at the lumen of the appendix is a very rare finding and only few cases have been reported all over the world. A variety of metallic foreign bodies when ingested may be lodged in the lumen of the appendix such as screws, bird shots, and needles. This is called in most literatures as foreign body appendicitis.