How Do Molecular Crowders Influence Ligand Binding Kinetics with G-Quadruplex DNA? The Role of Bound Water.

Understanding the kinetics of ligand interaction with G-quadruplex DNA (GqDNA) in a crowded cell-like environment is of paramount importance in biology and pharmacology, as it elucidates the effect of molecular crowders on reaction rates governing these interactions─a process that largely remains unexplored. In this study, we investigate the binding/unbinding kinetics of a G-quadruplex stabilizing benzophenoxazine ligand, cresyl violet (CV), with a human telomeric hybrid GqDNA structure using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experiments are conducted with and without 10% and 20% (w/v) ethylene glycol (EG), PEG200 and PEG6000 crowders.

Effect of Divalent Cations on Polarity and Hydration at the Lipid/Water Interface Probed by 4-Aminophthalimide-Based Dyes.

The ion binding to the lipid/water interface can substantially influence the structural, functional, and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Despite extensive research on ion-lipid interactions, the specific effects of ion binding on the polarity and hydration at the lipid/water interface remain poorly understood. This study explores the influence of three biologically relevant divalent cations─Mg, Ca, and Zn─on the depth-dependent interfacial polarity and hydration of zwitterionic DPPC lipid in its gel phase at room temperature.

Late oral adverse effects of chemotherapy for hematological malignancies in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analyses was to appraise the case-control studies that have evaluated late adverse effects of chemotherapy for treating hematological malignancies in pediatric patients.

Methods: Five electronic databases along with grey literature were searched using broad keywords and MeSH terms for the articles that could meet the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed for quality assessment.

Universal coverage for oral health care in 27 low-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: Low-income countries bear a growing and disproportionate burden of oral diseases. With the World Health Organization targeting universal oral health coverage by 2030, assessing the state of oral health coverage in these resource-limited nations becomes crucial. This research seeks to examine the political and resource commitments to oral health, along with the utilization rate of oral health services, across 27 low-income countries.

Randomized clinical trial to compare three fluoride varnishes in preventing early childhood caries.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of two 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (MI Varnish) or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Clinpro White) to the conventional 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat®) in preventing early childhood caries (ECC) in high-risk preschool children.

Methods: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial recruited healthy 3-4-year-old children (N = 582) having at least one carious lesion (pre-cavitated or cavitated) after obtaining written informed consent from parents. Using a computer-generated random-number table, children were assigned to one of the 3 groups: Control group (n = 196): 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat®) or two test groups: 5% NaF with TCP (Clinpro™ White) (n = 193) and 5% NaF varnish with CPP-ACP (MI Varnish™) (n = 193) to receive quarterly (every 3 months) application over 24 months.

Comparing the glycaemic outcomes between real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) among adults and children with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) versus intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) on key glycaemic metrics (co-primary outcomes HbA1c and time-in-range [TIR] 70-180 mg/dL, 3.9-10.0 mmol/L) among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Effect of fluoride varnishes on oral bacteria of preschool children with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions: randomized clinical trial.

We compare the effect of calcium and phosphate-containing sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes to conventional NaF varnish on S. mutans and L. fermentum counts.

Unusual similarity of DNA solvation dynamics in high-salinity crowding with divalent cations of varying concentrations.

Double-stranded DNA bears the highest linear negative charge density (2 per base-pair) among all biopolymers, leading to strong interactions with cations and dipolar water, resulting in the formation of a dense 'condensation layer' around DNA. Interactions involving proteins and ligands binding to DNA are primarily governed by strong electrostatic forces. Increased salt concentrations impede such electrostatic interactions - a situation that prevails in oceanic species due to their cytoplasm being enriched with salts.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATE IN REVERSAL OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Background: The aim of the present paper is to summarize the effectiveness of Phentolamine mesylate on the reversal of local anesthesia (LA).

Methodology: Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials in patients who received LA (population) and either received a Phentolamine injection (intervention) after LA compared to placebo or sham (control) to cause a return of normal sensation (outcome). Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2.

Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition.

Methods: Longitudinal observational studies with at least 6 months follow-up and evaluating mutans streptococci presence in caries-free children under 6 years of age for the development of any cavitated or non-cavitated carious lesion. Six databases and grey literature were searched without any restrictions.

White spot lesions in orthodontics: consensus statements for prevention and management.

Objective: To establish consensus recommendations for clinicians to manage white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Three task force members reviewed the literature to identify best practices for minimizing WSLs during orthodontic treatment. Each draft statement was read to the task force members by a facilitator, followed by voting, accepting, or editing if necessary.

Evaluation of oral health education programs for oral health of individuals with visual impairment: An umbrella review.

Aim: To exemplify, summarize and critically appraise the systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated different oral health education (OHE) interventions in individuals with visual impairment (VI).

Methodology: Six electronic databases were searched for SRs evaluating OHE programs in individuals with VI. The internal validity of the included SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool.

Effect of sleep on development of early childhood caries: a systematic review.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleep on the development of early childhood caries (ECC).

Methods: Seven electronic databases and grey literature were searched with various keyword combinations. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Autogenous grafts for reconstruction arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autogenous methods for reconstruction arthroplasty (RA) for the surgical management of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have been extensively reported. The present review was aimed to systematically review and pool data on clinical outcomes of autogenous grafts for RA in subjects with TMJ ankylosis. Major electronic databases and prominent subject-specific journals were searched up to December 2020.

Caries-preventive effectiveness of two different fluoride varnishes: A randomised clinical trial in patients with multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances.

Background: Patients with multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances are at a higher risk of developing enamel demineralisation.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of the quarterly application of two varnishes in preventing white spot lesions (WSLs) during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

Design: Ninety-nine patients were randomly allocated into three intervention groups: Group A-standard oral hygiene instructions (OHI); Group B-5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with standard OHI; and Group C-NaF plus tricalcium phosphate varnish with standard OHI.

Validation of clinical photography and a laser fluorescence device for assessment of enamel demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

Aim: To compare the validity of DIAGNOdent pen™ 2190 and clinical photographs in the diagnosis (presence or absence) and assessment of white spot lesions (WSLs) during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: A total of 1607 readings from 99 patients were obtained using DIAGNOdent pen™ 2190, clinical photographs, and visual assessment criteria to assess WSLs at 6 -, 12- and 18 months after bonding of brackets. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the presence or absence of WSLs and distinguish the severity of WSLs as slight or severe.

Molecular Picture of the Effect of Cosolvent Crowding on Ligand Binding and Dispersed Solvation Dynamics in G-Quadruplex DNA.

Understanding molecular interactions and dynamics of proteins and DNA in a cell-like crowded environment is crucial for predicting their functions within the cell. Noncanonical G-quadruplex DNA (GqDNA) structures adopt various topologies that were shown to be strongly affected by molecular crowding. However, it is unknown how such crowding affects the solvation dynamics in GqDNA.

Identification of sulfonamide based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors through scaffold hopping approach.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a hydrolytic enzyme, is responsible for the termination of the action of acetylcholine besides acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft of the brain. The alteration in the enzyme level, in patients with the progression of Alzheimer's disease, makes it a therapeutic target. In the present study, we developed BChE inhibitors through scaffold hopping by exploring two previously reported compounds, i.

Topical fluoride to prevent early childhood caries: Systematic review with network meta-analysis.

Objectives: To summarize the evidence on prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) by professionally or self-applied topical fluorides using network meta-analysis.

Data: Randomized-controlled trials with minimum 1-year follow-up assessing caries-preventive effect among children younger than six years.

Sources: Eight electronic databases and grey literature.

Development of homology model, docking protocol and Machine-Learning based scoring functions for identification of 's butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Machine learning (ML), an emerging field in drug design, has the potential to predict toxicity, shape-based analysis of inhibitors, scoring function (SF) etc. In the present study, a homology model, docking protocol, and a dedicated SF have been developed to identify the inhibitors of horse butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. Horse BChE enzyme has homology with human BChE and is a substitute for the screening of inhibitors.

Prevention of demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment: An overview of systematic reviews.

Background: Demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment is a well-known problem.

Aim: To systematically evaluate the evidence for the prevention of enamel demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment.

Design: Systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) that have appraised the primary studies on the prevention of demineralization during multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic treatment were searched systematically and included as per pre-defined eligibility criteria.

FISSURE SEALANT IN A NUTSHELL. EVIDENCE-BASED META-EVALUATION OF SEALANTS' EFFECTIVENESS IN CARIES PREVENTION AND ARREST.

Objective: This meta-evaluation aimed to summarize all available evidence regarding different fissure sealants on occlusal caries prevention, arrest, retention rate, adverse effect, and cost-effectiveness; when compared with no intervention, other preventive or minimally-invasive procedures.

Materials And Methods: The systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified via four electronic databases and manual searching. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, quality assessment with AMSTAR-2.