The role of digital health in emergency medicine education.

Despite the need for a well-trained emergency medicine (EM) workforce in India, there are still many shortcomings. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the limelight the critical importance of digital health data, tools, technologies, and services in monitoring and combating adverse health effects of the pandemic. On the other hand, relevant health care stakeholders have often been underprepared to embrace digital health solutions wholeheartedly and rise to the pandemic challenge.

Challenges in delivering primary care via telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic in India: A review synthesis using systems approach.

Background: Countries, including India, were quick to adopt telemedicine for delivering primary care in response to the widespread disruptions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This expeditious adoption was critical and the challenges faced during this exigency could guide the design and delivery of future telemedicine applications toward strengthening primary healthcare services.

Methods: To identify the challenges in delivering primary care via telemedicine technology in the Indian context, a scoping review was conducted.

Regulatory Frameworks for Clinical Trial Data Sharing: Scoping Review.

Background: Although well recognized for its scientific value, data sharing from clinical trials remains limited. Steps toward harmonization and standardization are increasing in various pockets of the global scientific community. This issue has gained salience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Implementation and Experiences of Telehealth: Balancing Policies With Practice in Countries of South Asia, Kuwait, and the European Union.

This viewpoint summarizes the discussion that occurred during the "Translating Policy to Practice in Telehealth-Lessons from Global Implementation Experiences" panel that was held virtually at Telemedicon2020, December 18-20, 2020. This panel brought together policy and implementation experts from some countries of South Asia, Kuwait, and the European Union to share their experiences in the development and implementation of telehealth standards and of the scale up of telehealth interventions within health systems. Several common themes arose from the discussion, including the significant role of people; encouragement by respective government policymakers; addressing concerns, particularly related to privacy, confidentiality, and security; and capacity building of human resources.

Challenges and prospects in india's digital health journey.

India's journey in the digital health arena and its contribution to the landmark resolution on digital health by the World Health Organization has been recognized globally. India has demonstrated its commitment to leverage digital health as a health system strengthening intervention, as outlined in the National Digital Health Blueprint based on which, the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) is currently being piloted by the National health authority. Further, the Sandbox environment of NDHM is actively encouraging all the ecosystem partners to familiarize with the evolving national digital health infrastructure.

The Need for Developing Technology-Enabled, Safe, and Ethical Workforce for Healthcare Delivery.

Strengthening of the health system is a safety imperative, especially in a crisis as caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While there is a need for enhancing the number and skill sets of the public health professionals, especially the frontline workers, it will be prudent to use the digital health technologies, including artificial intelligence, in enhancing the capacity of the healthcare professional education and delivery. However, it has to be ensured that an ethical and safe approach is adopted to develop and use digital health technology and, ethically appropriate training is imparted, to enhance the capacity of the human resources for health, leading to an overall health system strengthening.

The global experience of digital health interventions in COVID-19 management.

Digital health interventions are globally playing a significant role to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we present a very brief overview of the multifaceted digital interventions, globally, and in India, for maintaining health and health-care delivery, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Reimagining Health Data Exchange: An Application Programming Interface-Enabled Roadmap for India.

In February 2018, the Government of India announced a massive public health insurance scheme extending coverage to 500 million citizens, in effect making it the world's largest insurance program. To meet this target, the government will rely on technology to effectively scale services, monitor quality, and ensure accountability. While India has seen great strides in informational technology development and outsourcing, cellular phone penetration, cloud computing, and financial technology, the digital health ecosystem is in its nascent stages and has been waiting for a catalyst to seed the system.

Public and health professionals' misconceptions about the dynamics of body weight gain/loss.

Human body energy storage operates as a stock-and-flow system with inflow (food intake) and outflow (energy expenditure). In spite of the ubiquity of stock-and-flow structures, evidence suggests that human beings fail to understand stock accumulation and rates of change, a difficulty called the stock-flow failure. This study examines the influence of health care training and cultural background in overcoming stock-flow failure.

An overview of education and training of medical informatics in India.

Background: Medical Informatics in India is still in its infancy. Although the Indian Association for Medical Informatics (IAMI) was founded in 1993, proposed by major healthcare delivery institutions, the absence of independent career options in medical informatics in India has resulted either in the exodus of the needed faculty members for supporting education in the field. However, this situation may have been changing in the past few years, but a large gap exists which needs to be filled up quickly.

A farce called the National Board of Examinations.

The National Board of Examinations is a body formed to enhance the standards of post graduate examinations in modern medicine in India. Unfortunately, the outdated mode of examinations and the arbitrarily set high cut-off marks for passing the examinations defeat the very purpose of its formation and functioning.

Moderate exercise and chronic stress produce counteractive effects on different areas of the brain by acting through various neurotransmitter receptor subtypes: a hypothesis.

Background: Regular, "moderate", physical exercise is an established non-pharmacological form of treatment for depressive disorders. Brain lateralization has a significant role in the progress of depression. External stimuli such as various stressors or exercise influence the higher functions of the brain (cognition and affect).

The state of medical informatics in India: a roadmap for optimal organization.

In India, the healthcare delivery systems are based on manual record keeping despite a good telecommunication infrastructure. Unfortunately, Indian policy makers are yet to realize the importance of medical informatics (including tele-health, which comprises e-Health and Telemedicine) in delivering healthcare. In the medical curriculum also, nowhere is this treated as a subject or even as a tool for learning.

Basic medical science education must include medical informatics.

Medical Informatics is the science and art of processing medical information. In this age of "Information Explosion" choosing the useful one is rather difficult, and there lies the scope of electronic database management. However, still many outstanding personnel related to the healthcare sector take pride in being "computer illiterate".

Chaos in the brain: a short review alluding to epilepsy, depression, exercise and lateralization.

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflect the electrical activity of the brain. Even when they are analyzed from healthy individuals, they manifest chaos in the nervous system. EEGs are likely to be produced by a nonlinear system, since a nonlinear system with at least 3 degrees of freedom (or state variables) may exhibit chaotic behavior.

Iterative function system and genetic algorithm-based EEG compression.

A method for EEG compression is proposed, using Iterative Function System (IFS) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) with elitist model, keeping the quality sufficiently good for clinical purposes. Compression using IFS is usually called fractal compression. The self transformability property of the EEG signals is assumed and is exploited in the fractal compression technique.

An MLP-based model for identifying qEEG in depression.

Manual differentiation of electroencephalography (EEG) paper recordings in cases of depression is not very helpful. So, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) has been used to differentiate the EEG power density spectra (qEEG) in the wakeful state from animals (control, exercised and depressed). The qEEG ranging from 1 to 30 Hz, at 1 Hz increments (30 input features) and also a slow, medium and fast activity (represented by three ranges of frequencies at the input) were used.

Cerebral laterality in affect and affective illness: a review.

It is generally claimed that affect processing is a right hemisphere function. It is also claimed that right hemisphere dysfunction is characteristic of depressive illness. These claims are not accepted without controversy, and it has been found that the relationship between affect processing and affective illness in terms of intra- and interhemispheric role is not straightforward.

Chronic exercise alters EEG power spectra in an animal model of depression.

The EEG from frontal cortex, EMG and EOG were recorded from rats exposed to only exercise (Treadmill), only stress, exercise + stress and neither (control). In comparison with the control group, the percent of Delta activity in the awake was significantly increased in the depressed group and significantly decreased in the exercised groups, while for Beta-2, the reverse occurred; Theta increased and Beta-2 decreased in the NREM sleep state of the depressed group and the opposite happened for the exercised groups. Delta and Alpha-2 activity significantly increased in the depressed group, and they were significantly decreased in the exercised groups whereas the Beta-2 activity showed contrary changes in the REM sleep state.

A neural network confirms that physical exercise reverses EEG changes in depressed rats.

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) system to differentiate the EEG power density spectra in depressed from normal rats was tried. The beneficial effects of chronic physical exercise in reducing the effects of stress and therefore depression was also to be tested in animals by the same method. In this study, rats were divided into 4 groups, subjected to (i) chronic stress (D group); (ii) chronic exercise by treadmill running (EO group); (iii) exercise with stress (ES group) and (iv) handling (C group).