Modeling and optimization of photovoltaic serpentine type thermal solar collector with thermal energy storage system for hot water and electricity generation for single residential building.

Increasing surface temperature has a significant effect on the electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. A closed-loop forced circulation serpentine tube design of cooling water system was used in this study for effectively management of the surface temperature of PV panels. A real-time experiment was first carried out with a PV panel with a cooling system at heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rates of 60 kg h, 120 kg h, and 180 kg h.