Molecular detection of , and infection in cattle and buffaloes in India.

Unlabelled: Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-parasitic diseases affecting bovines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemo-parasites in different farms in India.

Impact of patient attributes on the relationship between hearing handicap and readiness to pursue audiologic rehabilitation.

Objective: This study explored whether select patient attributes were significant predictors of readiness to pursue hearing aids (HAs) and estimated the impacts of hearing aid self-efficacy (HASE) and emotional states, on the relationship between perceived hearing handicap and readiness to pursue HAs.

Design & Study Sample: Sixty-two adults with self-reported hearing difficulties and no previous experience with HAs self-reported their hearing handicap, HASE, personality, emotional states in varying contexts, and readiness to pursue HAs.

Results: Individuals with greater hearing handicap and who had experienced hearing loss for a shorter duration were more ready to pursue HAs.

Molecular detection of bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 in cases of reproductive disorders among cattle and buffaloes in Gujarat.

Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoAHV-1) is an important viral pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of BoAHV-1 in cases of bovine reproductive disorder. Clinical samples were collected from various villages in Gujarat using specialized FTA cards and were tested using real-time PCR assay targeting the gene of BoAHV-1.

Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Indian cattle and buffaloes.

Background & Objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne viral zoonotic disease of public health importance. Cattle and buffaloes although not showing any clinical symptoms, can be infected by the CCHF virus and act as sources of infection to human beings. The prevalence of CCHF in cattle and buffaloes is important from One health perspective for control of CCHF in humans.

: Divergence Among Indian Strains and Genetic Characterization of a Strain Isolated from Cattle.

Unlabelled: primarily affects sheep, goats and is associated with brucellosis in humans, which is one of the world's most widespread neglected zoonotic disease. The current study attempted the determination of genetic diversity through comparative genome analysis of strains reported from India with other countries. The study also reports the isolation and identification of BMNDDB8664 from a cow with a history of abortion, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), determination of virulence factors, genotyping, and comparative genome analysis.

Shared experiences among successful hearing aid users with high hearing aid self-efficacy.

Objective: While targeted rehabilitation can enhance hearing aid self-efficacy (HASE), little research has been done to determine the factors contributing to its predictive value. By investigating the experiences of individuals who successfully use HAs and have high levels of HASE, we hoped to illuminate specific strategies and/or sources of support these individuals share that might explain why high HASE is often linked to successful outcomes.

Design And Study Sample: This qualitative study explored the experiences of five older adults who were successful HA users and reported having high HASE.

Seroprevalence to common infectious abortifacient and infertility causing agents in the dairy herds of India.

Background: Information on the prevalence of infectious agents in dairy farms forms the basis for formulating a suitable control strategy; especially in endemic situations.

Aims: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of six economically important bovine diseases, causing reproductive disorders including bovine abortion in organized dairy herds in India.

Methods: A total of 1,075 animals (cattle and buffaloes) from 09 dairy farms were screened by ELISA tests.

"It Depends on the Situation": How Hearing-Specific Contexts Affect the Way Adults With Hearing Loss Report Their Personal Attributes.

Purpose: This study examined how adults with untreated hearing loss respond to surveys about their self-efficacy, personality traits, and affective states when assessed "in general" and in listening-related contexts. We also explored the associations between hearing aid self-efficacy (HASE) and listening-related personality traits and affective states.

Method: Sixty-two adults with self-reported hearing difficulties and no experience with hearing aids (HAs) participated in this descriptive study.

Detection and genetic characterization indicates circulation of a possible new Theileria species (Theileria sp. Yokoyama) in India.

Bovine tropical theileriosis, a tick-borne disease, causes huge economic loss to the Indian dairy industry. Theileriosis in India is mainly caused by Theileria annulata, although the presence of T. orientalis has also been reported.

Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes in different epidemiological scenarios.

Seven ELISA kits were evaluated for the fitness of purpose in diagnosing brucellosis among cattle and buffaloes in the endemic scenarios of India. The sera (675 numbers) for the study were sourced from brucellosis-free as well as infected herds. The diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) of the kits were determined by three approaches: based on the results of the Rose Bengal test, history of the animals (sera from infected or naïve animals), and based on the results obtained from the 'majority of the tests'.

An exploration of associations between hearing aid self-efficacy and other measurable characteristics of naïve and experienced hearing aid users.

Objective: The present study aimed to clarify the associations between Hearing Aid Self-efficacy (HASE) and other traits such as working memory, personality and hearing aid (HA) experience.

Design And Study Sample: Fifty-four adults (both naïve and experienced HA users) were included in this exploratory descriptive study. Their working memory, personality, HASE, HA experience and practical HA skills were evaluated.

Sero-diagnostic efficacy of various ELISA kits for diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle and buffaloes in India.

Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is an economically important viral pathogen affecting cattle and buffaloes. Serological assays are mostly used for detection of the antibodies, but variation has been detected in the diagnostic performances of the individual assay. In the present study, four commercially available ELISA kits {two indirect ELISA (kits A and B) and two blocking ELISA (kits C and D)} were evaluated for the detection of antibodies against BoHV-1 in Indian cattle and buffaloes (fitness of purpose).

Prevalence of antibodies to in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India.

Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne disease in ruminants causing huge economic loss to the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect serum antibodies to infection in cattle and buffaloes housed in 14 organized herds located at various climatic zones spreading over 9 different states in India. A total of 911 serum samples, collected from 667 cattle and 244 buffaloes, were subjected to a competitive enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay detecting an epitope of major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of .

Optimising Cancer Surgery During COVID-19: Experience of Tertiary Cancer Centre in Eastern India.

Purpose: The timely management of cancer surgery suffered due to COVID-19 and nationwide lockdown. Continuing cancer surgery was a challenge faced by all. We present our experience on cancer surgery in a cancer centre with high volume of patients and limited resources during early pandemic.

Infectious bovine abortions: observations from an organized dairy herd.

Abortions in dairy animals can be caused by several infectious agents. Identification of the actual causal agent(s) is important for formulating suitable control strategies. A 3-year (2016-2018) longitudinal study was conducted in a dairy farm following an abortion storm in the mid- to late gestations.

Shedding of bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 in bovine extended frozen semen in Indian semen stations: A longitudinal analysis.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an economically important disease of cattle and buffaloes. Following acute infection, the virus usually attains latency in the sensory neurons. Stress-induced reactivation of latency can cause the infected animals to intermittently shed the virus in body secretions including semen.

Evaluation of a specialized filter-paper matrix for transportation of extended bovine semen to screen for bovine herpesvirus-1 by real-time PCR.

The extended frozen semen (EFS) batches produced from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) sero-positive cattle and buffalo bulls housed in various semen stations in India are transported to the testing laboratory in liquid nitrogen (LN) for screening bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). This procedure is laborious and poses LN related hazards. An alternative logistics for transportation of samples was investigated.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas: A lesser known entity-diagnosis and pitfalls: A case report.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with a reported incidence of 0.1% to 2.7% of all pancreatic tumors.

Isolation and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from Odisha, India.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and rapidly transmissible disease of cloven footed animals. Emergence of genetically divergent strains of FMD virus (FMDV) is a major concern globally. FMD is endemic in India and three serotypes (O, A and Asia 1) prevail.

Antigenic evidence of bluetongue virus from small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha, India.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out antigenic detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) among the small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha (coastal and central) using recombinant VP7 (r-VP-7) based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA).

Materials And Methods: Blood samples (n=274) were collected from two different geographical pockets of Odisha, which covered mostly the coastal and central regions. Of the total samples under study 185 were from goat and 89 were from sheep.

Spectrum of VP1 region genetic variants in the foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O populations derived from infected cattle tongue epithelium.

RNA virus population exists as a complex distribution of non-identical but closely related sequences known as viral quasispecies. Variant strains are selected from this quasispecies population in response to changing environment. The quasispecies dynamics of a virus existing within an infected host differs from that in a cell culture-adapted population.

Outer membrane proteome analysis of Indian strain of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis.

Identification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is important to understand the bacteria structure and function, host-pathogen interaction, development of novel vaccine candidates, and diagnostic antigens. But till now the key antigens of P. multocida B:2 isolate causing haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in animals are not clearly defined.

Virulence gene profiling and antibiotic resistance pattern of Indian isolates of Pasteurella multocida of small ruminant origin.

Pasteurellosis in small ruminants affects the livelihood of small and marginal farmers of India. The present study was undertaken to understand the trends in gene carriage and antibiotic resistance pattern of Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from small ruminants over a period of 10 years in India. A total of 88 P.

Virulence genotyping of Pasteurella multocida isolated from multiple hosts from India.

In this study, 108 P. multocida isolates recovered from various host animals such as cattle, buffalo, swine, poultry (chicken, duck, and emu) and rabbits were screened for carriage of 8 virulence associated genes. The results revealed some unique information on the prevalence of virulence associated genes among Indian isolates.

Molecular Epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida Circulating in India by Multilocus Sequence Typing.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a sequence-based typing method for bacterial pathogens, is currently the best method for long-term epidemiological study and to understand the population structure of the bacteria. This investigation was carried out to study the diversity of Pasteurella multocida isolates circulating in India. Ten different sequence types (ST) identified in this study are ST 122 from cattle, goat, mithun and pig; ST 50 from pig; ST 9 from cattle and sheep; ST 229 from cattle and goat; ST 71 and ST 277 from cattle; and ST 129, ST 280, ST 281 and ST 282 from avian species.