Peri-Operative Hypothermia in Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis at a Busy District General Hospital Within the National Health Service (NHS).

Introduction:  Perioperative hypothermia is defined as a patient's core body temperature of less than 36°C, which can lead to several complications. Even mild hypothermia increases the incidence of post-operative wound infection, post-operative ischaemic cardiac events and intra-operative blood loss and prolongs post-operative recovery. It is, hence, essential to maintain and provide normothermia during the perioperative phases for optimal surgical results and patient satisfaction.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Laparoscopic and Open Surgery in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Aim: Our research compares the clinical results of open surgery versus laparoscopic surgery for colorectal malignancies.

Materials And Methods: Our analysis focused on a database that included data on patients with colorectal cancer who had laparoscopic or open surgery for stages I to III at a prestigious healthcare institute in India. Two groups of 50 patients underwent laparoscopic and 50 underwent conventional open colorectal surgery (OCRS and LCRS, respectively) throughout the same time.

A Novel Thienopyrimidine Analog, TPH104, Mediates Immunogenic Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Enhancing the tumor immunogenic microenvironment has been suggested to circumvent triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistance and increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. Here, we report a novel chemotherapeutic compound, TPH104, which induces immunogenic cell death in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, by increasing the stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells (DCs), with an IC value of 140 nM. TPH104 (5 µM) significantly increased ATP levels in the supernatant and mobilized intracellular calreticulin to the plasma membrane in MDA-MB-231 cells, compared to cells incubated with the vehicle.

Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Decyl Oleate Using Ultrasound in Solvent Free System: Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Physicochemical Study.

The present study evaluates the potential use of ultrasound irradiation to synthesize decyl oleate using Fermase CALB10000 under the solvent-free system (SFS). The optimal condition to achieve a maximum yield of 97.14% was found to be 1:2 oleic acid:decanol ratio, 1.

Moderately Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Prostate Cancer: Five-Year Toxicity Results From a Prospective Phase I/II Trial.

Background: In this phase I/II trial, 5-year physician-assessed toxicity and patient reported quality of life data is reported for patients undergoing moderately hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and pelvic lymph node (LN) coverage.

Materials And Methods: Patients with T1-T2 localized prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled, receiving risk group based coverage of prostate ± seminal vesicles (SVs) ± pelvic lymph nodes (LNs). Low risk (LR) received 69.

Transcatheter Device Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcomes.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients at long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively studied 376 patients with perimembranous VSDs between September 2008 and December 2015 who underwent percutaneous closure at our center. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and electrocardiogram were done before and after the procedure in all the patients.

The use of honey in cochlear implant associated wounds in pediatric patients.

Introduction: The use of honey in wound care is becoming more common due to the proven benefit in all three phases of wound healing, as well as the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. We present our experience using TheraHoney gel, a medical grade honey, for the successful treatment of cochlear implant associated skin breakdown.

Objective: To describe the role of TheraHoney gel in the management of cutaneous infection and ulceration associated with cochlear implants.

Phase 1/2 study of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer including simultaneously integrated boost.

Purpose: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) with simultaneous integrated boost (HSIB) intensity modulated RT (IMRT) that includes coverage of the seminal vesicles (SVs) and pelvic lymph nodes (LNs).

Methods And Materials: Men with localized prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled in a phase 1/2 trial to receive HSIB-IMRT to the prostate, ± SV, ± pelvic LN using a risk-based method. Low-risk patients received 69.

Variabilities of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-, Computed Tomography-, and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography-Based Tumor and Lymph Node Delineations for Lung Cancer Radiation Therapy Planning.

Purpose: To investigate interobserver delineation variability for gross tumor volumes of primary lung tumors and associated pathologic lymph nodes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to compare the results with computed tomography (CT) alone- and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT-based delineations.

Methods And Materials: Seven physicians delineated the tumor volumes of 10 patients for the following scenarios: (1) CT only, (2) PET-CT fusion images registered to CT ("clinical standard"), and (3) postcontrast T1-weighted MRI registered with diffusion-weighted MRI. To compute interobserver variability, the median surface was generated from all observers' contours and used as the reference surface.

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) change on repeated diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging during radiochemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A pilot study.

Objectives: Serial diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) during radiochemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is analyzed to investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a potential biomarker for tumor response.

Methods: Ten patients underwent DW-MRI prior to and at three and six weeks during radiochemotherapy. Three methods of contouring primary tumors (PT) were performed to evaluate the impact of tumor heterogeneity on ADC values: PTT: whole tumor volume; PTT-N: PTT-necrosis; PTL: small volume of presumed active tumor with low ADC value.

Patient-reported outcomes after electron radiation treatment for early-stage palmar and plantar fibromatosis.

Purpose: Palmar and plantar fibromatosis (PPF) is a progressive connective tissue disorder of the hand/foot that often leads to debilitating functional impairment. In Europe, orthovoltage radiation therapy (RT) has been demonstrated to prevent local disease progression for up to 80% of patients with early-stage PPF. There are limited data reporting outcomes for populations outside of Europe or using electron RT.

Estimation of optimal b-value sets for obtaining apparent diffusion coefficient free from perfusion in non-small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine optimal sets of b-values in diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) for obtaining monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) close to perfusion-insensitive intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model ADC (ADCIVIM) in non-small cell lung cancer. Ten subjects had 40 DW-MRI scans before and during radiotherapy in a 1.5 T MRI scanner.

Post tonsillectomy hemorrhage: who needs intervention?

Background: Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) remains a significant complication. There are no guidelines for Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) disposition of children with secondary PTH.

Objectives: To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics and interventions required by children presenting to a PED with secondary PTH.

The utility of common surgical instruments for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the correlation between surgical instrumentation and intraoperative surgical time, postoperative hemorrhage, and associated healthcare cost for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective chart analysis.

Methods: Chart data were collected from pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy from 2011 to 2013.

Acute sphenoid sinusitis leading to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis: a case report.

Introduction: The objective of this article was to report a case of isolated, acute, right-sided sphenoid sinusitis that progressed to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis in an 18-year-old male patient. We describe the atypical presentation of this case and discuss the relevant anatomy, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.

Case Report: A case report of sphenoid sinusitis leading to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis was reviewed and presented along with a comprehensive literature review of the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, microbiology, diagnostic work-up and treatment options.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) alone versus balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) and ethmoidectomy: a comparative outcome analysis in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of BCS (balloon catheter sinuplasty) would improve the treatment outcome in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) compared to FESS (functional endoscopic sinus surgery).

Study Design: Two-group, retrospective cohort with blinded chart review comparison.

Setting: Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.

Nasal packing with strips of cured pork as treatment for uncontrollable epistaxis in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia.

Objectives: Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare disorder of platelet function that may result in life-threatening hemorrhage, particularly from the nasal vaults. Various medical therapies (such as recombinant factor VII, antifibrinolytic agents, and blood transfusions) and surgical therapies (such as nasal packing, electrocautery, laser coagulation, septoplasty, and embolization) have been described with various degrees of success.

Methods: We present a unique case report of a 4-year-old child with known Glanzmann thrombasthenia and two separate episodes of life-threatening epistaxis that were treated successfully by nasal packing with strips of cured pork because of special circumstances.

3D dose verification using tomotherapy CT detector array.

Purpose: To evaluate a three-dimensional dose verification method based on the exit dose using the onboard detector of tomotherapy.

Methods And Materials: The study included 347 treatment fractions from 24 patients, including 10 prostate, 5 head and neck (HN), and 9 spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) cases. Detector sonograms were retrieved and back-projected to calculate entrance fluence, which was then forward-projected on the CT images to calculate the verification dose, which was compared with ion chamber and film measurement in the QA plans and with the planning dose in patient plans.

Current concepts and new horizons in conservation laryngeal surgery: an important part of multidisciplinary care.

Background: New surgical techniques in conservation laryngeal surgery (CLS) have emerged over the past 20 years and now offer a viable "organ-preservation" approach for patients with laryngeal cancer. We review traditional and new CLS procedures and summarize the functional and oncologic outcomes of CLS in both primary and salvage settings.

Methods: We searched the literature by accessing Medline for articles from 1991 to 2007 on primary or salvage surgery (open and transoral) for laryngeal neoplasms.

Canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy: the 'on-disease' approach for retraction pockets and cholesteatoma.

It is well known that cholesteatoma is three-dimensional; hence, we feel that its surgical management requires a three-dimensional approach in order to achieve the best curative and functional results. Retraction pockets are undeniably caused by chronic and recurrent eustachian tube obstruction. However, we found that the presence of a large mastoid antrum was an important, additional aetiological factor in the formation of a retraction pocket and its progression to cholesteatoma formation, with bone destruction and subsequent complications.

Prolactin-immunoglobulin G complexes from human serum act as costimulatory ligands causing proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes.

Several lines of evidence indicate that immunoglobulin-bound prolactin found in human serum is not a conventional complex between an anti-prolactin antibody and prolactin but a different type of association of prolactin with the Fab portion of IgG heavy chains. The complex of prolactin with IgG was purified from serum by anti-human prolactin affinity chromatography and was shown to contain close to 1 mole of N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine crosslinks per mole of complex, a characteristic feature in structures crosslinked by transglutaminase. Interestingly, the complex caused a proliferation of cells from a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, while it was inactive in a cell proliferation prolactin bioassay.