Diagnostic Test Characteristics of Ultrasound-Based Hydronephrosis for Chronic Kidney Disease in Children and Adolescents With Myelomeningocele: Results From the UMPIRE and NSBPR Cohort Studies.

Purpose: Renal ultrasounds are performed in patients with myelomeningocele to screen for markers of kidney health, including hydronephrosis. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hydronephrosis to screen for low kidney function defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from 2 cohorts of children and youth with myelomeningocele.

Cost savings associated with extended battery longevity in cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators.

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (CRT-D) are devices established as treatment for symptomatic heart failure patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. Battery depletion poses a significant clinical and economic burden; extended service life may reduce costs because of generator changes and associated complications.

Objective: This study estimated cost-savings associated with extended battery longevity in Medicare patients receiving CRT-D implantation.

frameshift variants impair GABAA receptor proteostasis.

The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA R) is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter-gated ion channel in the central nervous system. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding GABA R subunits can cause receptor dysfunction and lead to genetic epilepsy. Frameshift variants in these genes can result in a premature termination codon, producing truncated receptor subunit variants.

An integrative approach prioritizes the orphan GPR61 genomic region in tissue-specific regulation of chronotype.

Objectives: Chronotype, a manifestation of circadian rhythms, affects morning or evening preferences and ease of getting-up. This study explores the genetic basis of morning chronotype and ease of getting-up, focusing on the G protein-coupled receptor locus, GPR61.

Methods: We analyzed the genetic correlation between chronotype and ease of getting-up using linkage disequilibrium score regression with summary statistics from the UK Biobank (n=453,379).

Ultra-Efficient Integration of Gene Libraries onto Yeast Cytosolic Plasmids.

Efficient methods for diversifying genes of interest (GOIs) are essential in protein engineering. For example, OrthoRep, a yeast-based orthogonal DNA replication system that achieves the rapid in vivo diversification of GOIs encoded on a cytosolic plasmid (p1), has been successfully used to drive numerous protein engineering campaigns. However, OrthoRep-based GOI evolution has almost always started from single GOI sequences, limiting the number of locations on a fitness landscape from where evolutionary search begins.

Reconsidering Semaglutide Use for Chronic Obesity in Patients of Asian Descent: A Critical Review.

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It is the first approved drug for chronic weight management in adults who are overweight or obese since 2014. Its increasing popularity has garnered significant media attention and led to a drug shortage, resulting in limited access for its intended use - patients with type 2 diabetes.

Biofabrication and biomanufacturing in Ireland and the UK.

As we navigate the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth Industrial Revolution, the emerging fields of biomanufacturing and biofabrication are transforming life sciences and healthcare. These sectors are benefiting from a synergy of synthetic and engineering biology, sustainable manufacturing, and integrated design principles. Advanced techniques such as 3D bioprinting, tissue engineering, directed assembly, and self-assembly are instrumental in creating biomimetic scaffolds, tissues, organoids, medical devices, and biohybrid systems.

Methodology used to develop the minimum common data elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Background: The objective was to summarize the methodology used to reach consensus for recommended minimum data elements that should be collected and reported when conducting injury surveillance research in military settings. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop the international Minimum Data Elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Methods: A Delphi methodology was employed to reach consensus for minimum reporting elements.

"A Wake-Up Call": A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Barriers to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Individuals who have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to engage in physical activity and healthy eating behaviors in the postpartum period to prevent type 2 diabetes. We aimed to understand individual perspectives on incorporating such lifestyle choices during the first postpartum year.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods analysis of data from individuals with GDM who completed surveys and in-depth interviews at 4-12 weeks and 11-13 months postpartum as part of their participation in a feasibility randomized controlled trial on postpartum patient navigation.

An Early Supported Discharge (ESD) Model of Care for Older Adults Admitted to Hospital: A Descriptive Cohort Study.

Background: Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates early discharge from acute hospitals with continued rehabilitation in the home environment from a multi-disciplinary team at the same intensity as would be received in the inpatient setting. Emerging evidence suggests it can have a positive impact on the care of older adults on discharge from the acute hospital setting to home. This study aims to characterize an inreach model of ESD for older adults discharged from four hospitals in the Mid-West of Ireland and describe its impact on clinical and process outcomes at 30 and 180 days.

Gastrointestinal in men who have sex with men: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to explore any demographic, biological and behavioural characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with diarrhoeagenic .

Design/methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for manuscripts published to March 2024. One author screened manuscript abstracts; two authors independently conducted a full text review.

Early biological and psychosocial factors associated with PTSD onset and persistence in youth.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. While considerable research has investigated PTSD in adults, little is known about the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to its onset, development, and persistence in youth. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify longitudinal studies examining factors associated with PTSD status and symptom severity in children and adolescents.

Coupling Probiotics with CaO Nanoparticle-Loaded CoFeCe-LDH Nanosheets to Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment for Precise Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has become an emerging cancer treatment strategy with advantages of tumor-specificity, high selectivity, and low systemic toxicity. However, it usually suffers from low therapeutic efficacy. This is caused by low hydroxyl radical (·OH) yield arising because of the relatively high pH, overexpressed glutathione, and low HO concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

KT-253, A Novel MDM2 Degrader and p53 Stabilizer, Has Superior Potency and Efficacy Than MDM2 Small Molecule Inhibitors.

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an E3 ligase that inhibits the tumor suppressor protein p53. Clinical trials employing small-molecule MDM2/p53 interaction inhibitors (SMIs) have demonstrated limited activity, underscoring an unmet need for a better approach to target MDM2. KT 253 is a highly potent and selective heterobifunctional degrader that overcomes the MDM2 feedback loop seen with SMIs and induces apoptosis in a range of hematologic and solid tumor lines.

Error rates of data processing methods in clinical research: A systematic review and meta-analysis of manuscripts identified through PubMed.

Background: In clinical research, prevention of data errors is paramount to ensuring reproducibility of trial results and the safety and efficacy of the resulting interventions. Over the last 40 years, empirical assessments of data accuracy in clinical research have been reported, however, there has been little systematic synthesis of these results. Although notable exceptions exist, little evidence exists regarding the relative accuracy of different data processing methods.

A subset of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus directly project to liver-related premotor neurons in the ventrolateral medulla.

Sympathetic circuits including pre-sympathetic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus play an important role in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Despite the importance of central regulatory pathways, specific information regarding the circuits of liver-related neurons is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PVN neurons are directly connected to spinally-projecting liver-related neurons in the VLM of mice.

A new wave of Mesoamerican bumblebees? Revising the weisi-complex to reject numts and pseudospecies (Apidae: Bombus).

COI-barcode-like sequences appear to show substantially more species diversity among Mesoamerican bumblebees than had been reported previously from morphological studies. Closer examination shows that some of this apparent diversity may be pseudospecies (groups falsely misinterpreted as separate species), often supported by paralogous 'numts' (nuclear copies of mitochondrial sequences). For the well-sampled weisi-complex, we seek to filter out pseudogenes in order to use the orthologous COI-barcode sequences for identifying estimates of evolutionary relationships and likely species' gene coalescents for candidate species.

Two new genera of Neotropical Dasymutillini (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): Goncharovtilla gen. nov. from Brazil and Dasyphuta gen. nov. from Panama.

Two new monotypic genera are described within the tribe Dasymutillini: Goncharovtilla Williams, Bartholomay & Lopez, gen. nov. (type species: G.

The risk of childhood asthma across diverse climates: growing up in Australia.

This study investigates the association between climate and childhood asthma in Australia. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) was used to analyse this association in children who were 6-15 years between 2004 and 2018. Asthma prevalence decreased from 16% at 6-7 years to 13% at 14-15 years.

Exploring concussion prevalence, knowledge and reporting behaviours in women playing rugby union in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to capture information regarding concussion prevalence, knowledge, and reporting behaviors in women rugby players across all competitive levels in the UK. We also investigated whether these outcomes were influenced by the prevailing concussion awareness programme (HEADCASE).

Measures: Two hundred and thirty players from elite (Premiership), Championship, British Universities, and College Sport and club level completed ( = 133) or partially completed ( = 97) a mixed-methods online questionnaire.

Avenues towards reconciling wild and managed bee proponents.

Bees are crucial for food security and biodiversity. However, managed bees are increasingly considered drivers of wild bee declines, leading to stakeholder conflicts and restrictive policies. We propose avenues to reconcile wild and managed bee proponents and point out knowledge gaps that hinder the development of evidence-based policies.

Creation of the Indigenous Support Line for health system navigation and culturally safe access to care: a quality improvement project.

Indigenous Peoples face inequities in health and healthcare access due to colonial history and systems. To work towards the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's Calls to Action and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Alberta Health Services has collaborated with a Wisdom Council of engaged Elders and Indigenous community members to tailor programmes for Indigenous Peoples. The Indigenous Support Line (ISL) was created based on the Wisdom Council's advice to provide an Indigenous-specific concerns line, which later expanded into a telehealth line to address any health questions or access issues, including health system navigation and access to Western and Indigenous health and wellness supports.