Environmental impact of commonly used anaesthetic agents: systematic literature review with narrative synthesis.

Background: Increasing awareness of the potential environmental impact of volatile anaesthetic agents has stimulated increased use of total i.v. anaesthesia.

The lifetime risk of surgery in England: a nationwide observational cohort study.

Background: The average number of times a person will have surgery in their lifetime, and the amount of surgical healthcare resources they use, is unknown. Lifetime risk is a measure of the risk of an average person having a specific event within their lifetime. We report the lifetime risk of surgery and the change observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.